大學生住宿生活適應相關因素研究--以國立台灣大學為例

The Study of the Related Factors for the Undergraduate Students’ Adjustments to Dormitories’ Life

李毓璱(Yu-Se Lee)

指導教授 ： 張雪梅博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討大學生住宿生活適應之相關因素，瞭解大學生住宿生活適應的現況、探究大學生對宿舍社會氣氛的知覺狀況、比較不同個人因素、宿舍環境因素的住宿學生在生活適應、宿舍社會氣氛知覺的差異情形、探討住宿生活適應與宿舍社會氣氛知覺的關係，依據問卷發現及研究結果提出建議，供學生事務單位作為宿舍輔導、寢室分配之參考，以增進住宿學生的住宿品質。
本研究採用調查研究法，研究工具係參考專家學者相關問卷與研究者的學生事務工作經驗改編而成之「住宿生活適應與宿舍社會氣氛知覺調查」問卷，以台灣大學大學部住宿學生為研究對象，有效問卷為602份。問卷分為四部份，第一部分為住宿生活適應，包括人際交往、生活狀況、情緒適應、住宿適應、學習適應等五個向度，第二部份為宿舍社會氣氛知覺，包括參與、支持、獨立、傳統社會取向、競爭、學業成就、知識、秩序與組織、學生自主權、改革等十個向度，第三部份為開放性問答題，依學生個人的住宿經驗填答。第四部份為學生基本資料，包含個人因素（性別、年級、學院、身分、家庭居住地區、家庭社經地位、住宿時間長短、宿舍自治參與程度）及宿舍環境因素（宿舍別、寢室人數、門禁管制與否）二類。
本研究綜合歸納六點結論：一、台灣大學大學部住宿學生在住宿生活適應上以「人際交往」適應最好，較差的是「住宿適應」。二、台灣大學大學部住宿學生較能知覺宿舍具備「獨立」、「支持」、「改革」氣氛，而不具備「競爭」、「傳統社會取向」、「知識」、「學業成就」氣氛。三、台灣大學大學部住宿學生依個人因素（性別、年級、住宿時間長短、自治參與程度）、宿舍環境因素（宿舍別、門禁管制與否）不同，在生活適應上各向度有差異。四、台灣大學大學部住宿學生依個人因素（性別、年級、身分、家庭居住地區、住宿時間長短、自治參與程度）、宿舍環境因素（宿舍別、寢室人數、門禁管制與否）不同，在宿舍社會氣氛各向度的知覺上有差異。五、住宿生活適應與宿舍社會氣氛有顯著相關。六、學生認為住宿生活中最難以適應的是與室友作息時間不同、個性不同而無法相處與溝通，因此未來應以開放自由選擇室友方式及加強輔導人力；並積極舉辦活動，以促進住宿生相處融洽與宿舍的向心力，來改善宿舍氣氛。

關鍵字

大學生 ； 住宿生活適應 ； 宿舍社會氣氛 ； 宿舍輔導

並列摘要

The objective of this study is to examine factors related to university students’ necessary adjustments to life in dormitories’ accommodations. It examines the students’ adjustments to dormitories’ life at current time, the students’ perception of dorms’ social climate, different personal factors involved, necessary adjustments in students’ life derived from dorms’ environment factors, differences in students’ perception of dorms’ social climate and an examination of the relationship of between the adjustments for dorms’ accommodations and the perception of dorms’ social climate. Following, the study will offer suggestions based on survey’s findings and research results that can serve as reference for dormitories guidance and rooms allocations, carried by departments responsible for students’ affairs.
The study uses survey research methodology, that includes a questionnaire titled “A Survey of the Adjustments required for dormitories’ accommodations and Perception of Dorms’ Social Climate”, based on relevant questionnaire compiled by specialists and researchers’ experience with students affairs work. The study uses undergraduate students living in National Taiwan University’s Dormitories as its study objects and includes 602 valid questionnaires. The questionnaires were divided into four sections: the first section deals with the adjustments for life in the Dorms and includes the following five aspects: Interpersonal Communication, Living Conditions, Emotional Adjustments, Accommodation Adjustments and Study Adjustments; The second section deals with perception of the social atmosphere in the dorms and includes the following ten orientations: Involvement , Support, Independence, Traditional Social Orientation, Competition, Academic Achievement, Intellectuality, Order and Organization, Student Influence and Innovation; The Third section includes open questions about student’s personal experience in Dorms’ accommodation; The fourth section includes two categories of information about the student – student’s Personal Information (such as sex, age, faculty, ID number, Family’s address, Family’s socio-economical status, time of accommodation in Dorms, the degree of involvement in Dorms’ decision making) and dorms’ Environment Information (such as Dorms’ category, Number of people in room, existence of Curfew Policy).
This study sums up the following six conclusions: 1. In the course of adjustments to life in Dormitories, National Taiwan University’s undergraduates adjust best to “Interpersonal Communication”, and least to “Accommodation Adjustments”. 2. National Taiwan University’s undergraduates perceive the atmosphere of Dorms life as “Independent”, “Support” and “Innovation”, and not “Competition”, “Traditional Social Orientation”, “Intellectuality” nor “Academic Achievement”. 3. National Taiwan University’s undergraduates with different Personal Information (Sex, Age, Time of accommodation in Dorms, Degree of involvement in Dorms’ decision making) and different Environment Information (Dorms’ category, Existence of Curfew Policy) show different results in aspects related to Adjustment of Life. 4. National Taiwan University’s undergraduates with different Personal Information (Sex, Age, ID number, Family’s address, Time of accommodation in Dorms, The degree of involvement in Dorms’ decision making) and Environment Information (Dorms’ category, Number of people in room, Existence of Curfew Policy) show differences in their perception of different aspects related to the social climate in the dorms. 5. There seems to be an obvious correlation between the adjustments to life in dorms and dorm’s social climate. 6. The students think that the most difficult aspect to adjust in Dorms’ Life is the unsynchronized break time and differences in character between roommates that make joint life and mutual communication difficult. Therefore, rooms allocation method should enable free selection; actively organize students’ activities, in order to enhance the solidarity and fellowship between students who live in the dorms and the dorms’ centrality, and hence to improve the social climate in the dormitories.

並列關鍵字

University Students ； Adjustment of Life in Dorm ； Dorms’Social Climate ； Dorms’ Guidance

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