Through the concept of peripheral areas under the "Double Center" and historical comparison, this article discusses and explains the identity of the residents in Kinmen, Macao, and Hong Kong, especially the different degrees of their national identity. In terms of independent variable, this article uses the Double Center's national strength and the institutionalization of the local council as explanatory factors, and position Kinmen as "Chinese identity within the system," Macao as "Chinese identity outside the system," and Hong Kong as "Local identity within the system." Through the comparative analysis, we can clarify the historical development and the outlines of the three cases more clearly, which could contribute to relevant researches.