銀髮族飲食營養問題與保健策略

Nutrition and Health Promotion Strategies for Elders in Taiwan

駱菲莉(Fei-Li Lo Yang)

《源遠護理》 3卷1期 (2009/05) Pp. 17-23

https://doi.org/10.6530/YYN.2009.3(1).03

摘要

台灣已於民國82年躋身高齡化社會，目前65歲以上老年人佔全人口數之10.4%。老化過程在人體的體組成、口渴機制、消化系統、骨骼構造、腦部功能造成不可逆的改變。而適當的飲食製備與食材選擇可使營養在延緩老化、維持與促進健康扮演積極角色。國內近年完成的「老人營養與健康狀況調查」顯示台灣老年人體重過重、肥胖、代謝症候群相關症狀之盛行率以女性較高；男女性之骨質不足、骨質疏鬆盛行率分別均高達40%。營養評估結果顯示與骨骼健康及血壓及血糖調控相關的鈣、鎂之攝取量，以及與能源營養素運用、神經系統相關的B群維生素之生化營養狀況為臨界缺乏與缺乏的盛行率仍相當顯著。為積極維護老人之健康，養成運動習慣、充足飲水、多攝取高膳食纖維之全榖類、深綠、深黃色蔬果、選擇高營養素密度之食物，必要時服用營養素補充劑是正確的保健與提昇生活品質策略。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 營養 ； 老化 ； 飲食策略 ； 健康促進

並列摘要

Taiwan reached the criteria of an aging society in 1993. The current number of persons age 65 and older in Taiwan is 10.4% of the total population. The aging process includes irreversible changes in body composition, thirst mechanism, digestive system, bone metabolism and brain functions. Proper nutrition, including meal preparation and food choices, plays an active role in delaying the aging process, and in maintenance and promotion of health. The Taiwan Department of Health conducted a Nutrition and Healthy Survey for the Elderly (NAHSIT for Elderly, 1999-2000) and the results showed that forty percent of both males and females have osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Also, females have a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome related symptoms. The results of nutrition assessment indicated that elders lack dietary calcium, magnesium and B vitamins.
Recommendations for elder health maintenance and promotion include active physical activities, sufficient hydration, high-fiber whole grains, dark green/yellow color vegetables and fruits, food with high nutritional values, and use of nutrient supplements only when necessary.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； nutrition ； aging ； dietary strategy ； health promotion