- 學位論文
電動車之新型電子煞車暨能量回收方法
A Novel Method of Electric Braking with Energy Recovery for Electric Vehicles
摘要
本論文主要針對電動車常用的無刷直流馬達，提出一個新型電子煞車暨能量回收方法，將煞車多餘的動能轉換為電能，回充至電池端。藉此改善電動車續航力不足的缺點，並增加使用者騎乘的安全性與舒適性。本文所提出的能量回收方法，僅藉由改變馬達正常運轉的電子柵位訊號，以達到可控制反向扭力煞車的目的。與現有的方法比較而言，不需要額外的電路轉換，或者改變馬達的繞組結構來達成煞車能量回收。本文除了在煞車做能量回收外，亦設計了回油門的能量回收機制，讓電動車在安全性上，有如一般燃油車的引擎煞車效果。此外，為了避免馬達在高速運轉時，瞬間回收電流太大而造成電池的傷害。因此，利用程式演算法，控制回收電流以保護電池並且提供一個平順可靠的煞車扭力。最後，經模擬結果驗證所提方法的可行性，並以實際電動車加入能量回收策略後，可提升整體續航力約16％以上。
並列摘要
This thesis proposes a novel method of the electric braking with energy recovery for the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) of the electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method could convert the kinetic energy into the electric one to recover the battery during the braking period. Thus, the driving range of the EV can be increased by the energy recovery; furthermore, the safety and comfort of the driver can be improved by the electric braking. The proposed method could change the switching signals of motor driver to control the inverse torque during the braking period. Compared with the presented methods, the proposed solution achieves the goal of the energy recovery without additional converter or changing windings of the motor stator. In addition to the braking period, the period of release throttle is included in the energy recovery mechanism such that the EV has a similar function of the engine brake for the driving safety. Furthermore, the battery may be injured by the surge recovery current in the high speed duration. Therefore, the proposed strategy could control the current to protect the battery and provides a smooth and reliable brake. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is proven by simulation results and the driving range of the EV could be increased about 16% through the demonstration of experimental results.