九層林地區水土保持及土地利用效果之探討

Review on the Advancement of Land Use in Yu-Chin Area of Tainan County

佟福森(F. S. Tung)

《中華水土保持學報》 9卷2期 (1978/12) Pp. 159-172

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.197812_9(2).0011

摘要

本省近年人口不斷增加，平地利用幾達飽和，而廣大山坡地多尙未有效利用，誠屬可惜。爲緩和人口遽增之壓力，因應未來經濟發展需要，山坡地保育利用乃爲當務之急。早期山坡地利用，僅以增加農業生産爲主；近年來山坡地開發，則以保育利用爲實施目標，諸如水土保持處理、農作物栽培、省工經營、機械作業、坡地灌溉、病蟲害防治、運輸道路系統、產銷連鎖之區域發展、生產資金與產品保障價格及農業保險等，均需各有關部門協調配合辦理。因此，乃於民國五十五年起籌措資金辦理區域性大面積水土保持計畫，藉以改進山坡地土地利用，增加農民收入，發展國家經濟。台南縣玉井鄉九層林地區，自民國五十八年起實施區域性大面積水土保持計畫，已歷九年，其水土保持及土地利用效果與經濟發展情形，亟需進行研討，供今後山坡地保育利用實施推行之借鏡。本文之完成，蒙業師考試院周委員汝久、農復會技正廖博士綿濬、屏東農專水土保持科主任黃敎授俊德之指導、曁興大敎授李慶瑞兄之熱點竄並提供寶貴意見，特申謝忱。調査期間，山地農牧局第四工作處趙課長國昭暨有關諸同仁等協助蒐集資料，提供意見，僅此一併致謝。

並列摘要

The integrated soil conservation and land use project at Yu-chin area has been implemented ever since 1969. The influence of this project on the development of the sloping farms has been significant. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of soil conservation completed in recent years on the advancement of land use in Yu-chin area of Tainan county and to explore problems encountered in farm management. In the investigation, Yu-chin area was stratified into three sub-areas and, in each sub-area, twenty-five farmer families (30% of the total) were randomly sampled for study. Among them, unreliable data from seven farmes families was deleted. So the number of farmer families studied was in fact sixty-eight. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Soil conservation extension: Total acreage treated with soil conservation measures was about 239 hectares which occupy about 51% of agriculture suitable slopeland in Yu-chin area. The statistics of guestion air filled in by farmers showed orchard-hillside ditching employed here was considered the best conservation practice and this proves that cover cropping and mulching in corporated with hillside ditching can be further promoted 2. Land use pattern Before the implementation of the project, major crops including bamboo. cassava, some upland crops were planted. But now, more valuable mango trees have replaced most of them and become the major crop in this area. In addition, livestock and fish raising with forage supply from cover crops have been successfully developed. 3. Public facility installation Under the project and besides the soil conservation practices employed, public facilities such as drainage structures, farms access roads, water supply and irrigution installation, and cable way have been completed. This work will greatly promote proper land use and crop-livestock management especially resulting from reduced cost of production and increased income of farmers. Layout of farm roads should be systematic and complete; irrigution facilities should be small for easy operation and maintenance and more sets of pipeline spraying system should be installed for pest control on the whole projed area 4. Farm machine procurement The conservation measures are compatible with operation of farm machines. But the prices of farm machines are very high. Most farmers can not afford to buy them. And maintenance of purchased ones is not good. Therefore, both technical assistance and subsidy from government are urgently needed. 5. Crop management practices Due to shortage of labor and working knowledge, most farmers need to be equipped through extension service with crop management techniques such as farm planning, planting, pruning fertilization, pest and disease control and using herbicides. 6. Cost and benefit Mango trees are usually harvested three years and reach the peak of yields six years after planting. But the mango orchard treated with conservation practices can not be harvested until the fourth year. It is also recorded that expense of fertilizers are higher during the pre-harvest three year period. Nevertheless, the cost of wages is remarkably reduced three years later. Since the sixth year after planting, the net income is significantly increased on conservation-treated orchards.