汽車服務零件配送途程規劃之實證個案研究－以X汽車公司為例

An Empirical Case Study on the Planning of the Auto Service Parts Delivery Routes of X Company

蘇雄義(Shong-Iee Ivan Su) ； 鍾育仁(Yu-Jun Chung)

《東吳經濟商學學報》 58期 (2007/09) Pp. 31-59

https://doi.org/10.29735/SJEB.200709.0002

摘要

汽車產業的售後維修服務必須經常性地補充數萬種大小不同的零件至分布於不同地點的維修場，如何有效使用車輛並指派最佳化配送途程以降低運輸成本，達到零件供應的高服務水準是一個相當具有挑戰性的實務性課題。本文首先透過現場訪談與企業程序分析方法了解個案公司現況，建構個案公司現行售後維修服務零件配送程序的觀念性模式，並分析存在於現行配送程序中之主要問題點。接著以管理科學方法進行個案汽車公司北區服務零件配送途程之車輛途程規劃問題(vehicle routing problem, VRP)建模分析，基於實務應用上的多項限制，乃採用知名啟發式演算法(heuristicapproach)求解。本項研究共歷時七個多月，於第一階段所建構之觀念性程序模式，協助個案公司對現行配送程序有更深入的了解，找出改善的方向。第二階段建模分析所得北區配送途程方案則建議將途程時間放寬至255分鐘（原240分鐘），並將原本十三條配送途程，縮減為十二條，使北區服務零件配送途程成本每年可以縮減約一百五十萬元，達7%的成本節省效果。

關鍵字

企業程序分析 ； 車輛途程規劃問題 ； 啟發式演算法 ； 途程成本

並列摘要

The after-service of service parts in the automobile industry has to replenish about several ten's thousand types of service parts frequently to many service shops located in widely spread areas in Taiwan. This research investigated the cost optimization of the vehicle routing problem for a major distributor-X company in the automobile industry to achieve better service level of service parts distribution. In the first research phase, an on-site depth observation was conducted to collect relevant information of X company. Then, a business process analysis method was used to build a conceptual model for the active service parts delivery process of X company. This conceptual model helped to identify the problems existed in the service parts delivery process. In the second phase, the research applied a practical management science approach to construct Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) model on the service parts delivery routes of the northern territory of X company. Due to the practical constraints, the res earch used a well-known heuristic approach to solve this VRP problem. This research had lasted for about seven months. The conceptual model built in the first phase assisted X company and researchers to better understand her existing service parts delivery process, and provided insights for further improvement. The service parts delivery route model of the northern territory constructed in the second phase suggested X company to relax the total time constraint on each route to 255 minutes (the initial constraint was 240 minutes) and this allowed X company to shorten the delivery routes from thirteen to twelve. It can save 1.5 million dollars (about 7 percent of the current delivery costs) per year on the delivery cost for the northern territory parts distribution.

並列關鍵字

Business Process Analysis ； Vehicle Routing Problem ； Heuristic Approach ； Tour Costs

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