林芙美子の戦争への眼ざしー『戦線』『北岸部隊』から見る

林芙美子は、昭和12年（1937）に毎日新聞の特派員として南京攻略戦の現地に赴いた。1938年に「ペン部隊」の一員として従軍し、陥落後の漢口へ一番乗りした。その体験を『戦線』と『北岸部隊』に描いた。単行本『戦線』は帰国後一か月にあたる1938年12月、朝日新聞社より刊行された。『北岸部隊』は1939年1月、『婦人公論』に一括掲載されたもので、9月19日から10月28日までの日記をまとめる形式、いわゆる日記体で書かれている。掲載後、中央公論社から単行本として刊行された。すなわち、林芙美子はひとつの体験を二つの文体で報告し、一つの小説を書き上げた。書簡体の『戦線』、日記体の『北岸部隊』と、そして小説『波濤』である。林芙美子は揚子江北岸部隊と行動をともにする。彼女の撮った口絵写真には、北岸部隊と兵隊と林を中心にして構成されているものの、そこは戦場や戦闘の風景は映っていない。『北岸部隊』『戦線』には女性の特派員としてどのような眼ざしで戦争を見ているか。本論では、林芙美子の戦争への眼ざしを探究したい。

關鍵字

戦場；兵隊；歩く；馬；女性性

並列摘要

林芙美子於昭和12年以每日新聞特派員的身分，赴南京攻略戰的現場。1938年以「筆部隊」的一員從軍，第一位進入攻陷後的漢口，並將其體驗寫成『戰線』及『北岸部隊』。單行本『戰線』於歸國一個月後的1938年12月由朝日新聞刊載。『北岸部隊』從9月19日至10月18日以日記形式亦即日記體來書寫，於1939年1月由『婦人公論』全文一次刊載。刊載後由中央公論社以單行本方式刊出發行。亦即，林芙美子把一個體驗用兩種文體來報告，即書信體的『戰線』及日記體的『北岸部隊』，以及寫成小說『波濤』。林芙美子與北岸部隊一起行動。在她所拍攝的封面照片裡，以北岸部隊，軍人及樹林所構成，並沒有反映出戰場及戰鬥的光景。『北岸部隊』『戦線』裡，林芙美子作為女性特派員以何視線來看戰爭？本論文將以此為重點來探討林芙美子對戰爭的視線。｜In 1937, Fumiko Hayashi served as war correspondent of Mainichi Shimbun (Daily News), went to Nanjin and wrote reports about Sino-Japan war. In 1938, Hayashi, who had joined the Pen butai ("Pen Corps"), visited occupied Hanko and wrote Sensen and Hokugan butai based on her wartime experiences. In December 1938, one month after Hayashi returned to Japan, Sensen was published by Asahi Shimbun in book form. Meanwhile, from September 19th to October 18th, she wrote Hokugan butai in diary form and the work was published by "Fujinkoron" (婦人公論) Magazine in January 1939, and was afterwards made into book by literary magazine Chūōkōron (中央公論). This reveals that Hayashi clarified her individual experiences with dual writing styles, thus to breed a novel Hatou (波濤). Hayashi traveled with the North Bank Troops, which came from her hometown - Kyushu. Despite that the North Bank Troops, soldiers, and woods comprised by far the largest portion of the cover photos of her works, fighting scenes were never shown to the readers. Being a woman correspondent in wartime, what were her perspectives towards the Sino-Japan War? These are the issues to be explored in this paper.｜In 1937, Fumiko Hayashi served as war correspondent of Mainichi Shimbun (Daily News), went to Nanjin and wrote reports about Sino-Japan war. In 1938, Hayashi, who had joined the Pen butai ("Pen Corps"), visited occupied Hanko and wrote Sensen and Hokugan butai based on her wartime experiences. In December 1938, one month after Hayashi returned to Japan, Sensen was published by Asahi Shimbun in book form. Meanwhile, from September 19th to October 18th, she wrote Hokugan butai in diary form and the work was published by "Fujinkoron" (婦人公論) Magazine in January 1939, and was afterwards made into book by literary magazine Chūōkōron (中央公論). This reveals that Hayashi clarified her individual experiences with dual writing styles, thus to breed a novel Hatou (波濤). Hayashi traveled with the North Bank Troops, which came from her hometown - Kyushu. Despite that the North Bank Troops, soldiers, and woods comprised by far the largest portion of the cover photos of her works, fighting scenes were never shown to the readers. Being a woman correspondent in wartime, what were her perspectives towards the Sino-Japan War? These are the issues to be explored in this paper.