不同樹種來源單獨與混合木屑對杏鮑茹瓶栽生產影響之研究

Study on the Effects of Single and Mixed Sawdusts of Different Origins on the Production of Pleurotus eryngii

彭金騰(Jin-Torng Peng)

《中華農業研究》 46卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. 51-59

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199703.0005

摘要

本研究係以金針菇瓶栽自動化設備進行不同樹種來源單獨及混合木屑對杏鮑菇自動化瓶栽生產影響之測定。第一期試驗以堆積過4個月之杉木與楓木木屑為原料，經添加20%體積之米糠及適量之碳酸鈣與水，均勻混合後，以自動化裝瓶機裝瓶(1, 100ml)，每瓶基質約重650公克，含水量約65%，經於20~22℃分別培養42及40天後，以人工去皮栽培，採收兩週期之每瓶產量，前者為71.8公克，後者為149.5公克，差異顯著。同期試驗中，另以楓木木屑基質做去皮與不去皮處理，採收兩周期之每瓶平均產量分別為128與124.3公克，無顯著差異。第二期試驗以堆積過5個月之校積、杉木、楓木、相思木、山黃麻及楠木等六樹種單種木屑，如第一期配方製作基質及裝瓶，經接種培養43天後，不開蓋不去皮，待降溫至出菇時開蓋，經栽培後，以上各樹種木屑第一周期每瓶平均產量依序為117.7，95.6，134.8，110.8，150.1及142.0公克，完成第一周期菇之採收分別需要10.0，11.9，6.7，8.6，5.1及6.1天，兩周期之產量依序為169.3，157.9，207.1，172.0，219.6及214.7公克。其中山黃麻，楓木及楠木三樹種木屑間之兩周期平均產量無顯著差異，而相思木、杉木及校欑三樹種木屑間亦同，但前三者之平均產量顯著高於後三者。第三期之試驗以堆積過7個月之杉木木屑分別與堆積相同時間之山黃麻、楠木、相思木、楓木、臺灣赤楊及校欑木屑各半混合，並添加前述相同體積比之米糠時，以山黃麻單種木屑為對照，經接種培養33天後，不開蓋不去皮，待降溫至出菇時開蓋，以上各樹種木屑與杉木木屑之混合物第一周期每瓶(1, 100cc)之平均產量依序為141.9，112.6，117.6，150.9，151.2及115.4公克，而對照為148.2公克，第一周期菇完成採收分別需要14.0，16.7，17.2，11.0，12.5及13.8天，對照為11.7天，兩周期之產量依序為202.4，172.5，175.6，212.9，205.2及167.9，對照為204.9公克，杉木木屑與山黃麻，楓木及臺灣赤楊三樹種木屑各半混合處理間之第一周期及兩周期之平均產量均無顯著差異，而與相思木、校欑及楠木三樹種木屑各半混合處理間之平均產量亦無顯著差異，但杉木木屑與前三樹種木屑之混合處理之平均產量顯著高於後三樹種木屑之混合處理，山黃麻木屑與杉木木屑混合後之產量與該樹種單種木屑間無顯著之差異，但其第一周期菇完成採收之時間則有顯著延遲之現象。

關鍵字

杏鮑菇 ； 木屑 ； 樹種 ； 瓶栽生產

並列摘要

Study on the effects of single and mixed sawdusts of different origins on the production of Pleurotus eryngii was conducted using the automatic bottle cultivation technology for Flammulina velutipes. Sawdusts of differet origins, including Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cunninghamia lanceolate var. lanceolata, Liquidamber formosana, Acacia confusa, Trema orientalis and Machilus kusanoi, were heaped for 5 months and mixed respectively with 20% of rice bran (by volume) and proper amount of calcium carbonate and water. The substrates thus prepared were filled into polypropane bottles (1,100 CC) and capped with automatic machines, then sterilized at 122℃ for 45 minutes in a programmable autoclave. Each bottle contained about 650g of substrate of which moisture content was about 65%. After cooling down the substrates were inoculated with sawdust spawn of the fungus by an automatic inoculating machine. The inoculated substrates were incubated at 18~21.5℃ for 43days before moving into cropping room. Top layers of substrates in bottles were not removed and caps were not removed until primordia or young fruit bodies had been formed after cooling down of the cropping room. The cropping room was maintained at about 95% in RH, 16.5~18.5℃ in temperature and 250lux in light intensity. After cultivation the average total yields per bottle of the substrates consisted of the sawdusts of the above mentioned tree species were 169.3, 157.9, 207.1, 172.0, 219.6 and 214.7g in order, while the time for finishing the harvest of the 1st fresh mushrooms were 10.0, 11.9, 6.7, 8.6, 5.1 and 6.1 days in order. The differences of yields among the substrates consisted of the sawdusts from T. orientalis, M. kusanoi and L, formosana were not significant at 5% level, while those of yields among the substrates consisted of the sawdusts from C. glauca, C. lanceolata, and A. confusa were not significant at 5% level either. However, the substrate consisted of the sawdusts from the former three tree species were significantly more productive than those consisted of the sawdusts from the latter three tree species at 5% level.
In another experiment, the sawdust of C. lanceolata was mixed with equal volume of the sawdusts of T. orientalis, M. kusanoi, A. confusa, L. formosana, A. formosana, and C. glauca and supplemented with same amount of rice bran as mentioned above. The inoculated substrates were incubated for 33 days and cropped under the same climatic conditions as mentioned above. The average total yields per bottle of the substrates consisted of the sawdusts of C. Lanceolata and equal volume of the above mentioned tree species were 202.4, 172.5, 175.6, 212.9, 205.2 and 167.9g in order, while the time for finishing the harvest of 1st fresh mushrooms were 14.0, 16.7, 17.2, 11.0, 12.5 and 13.8 days respectively. The average yield per bottle of the substrate consisted of the sawdusts of T. orientails alone was 204.9g, while the time for finishing the harvest of the 1st flush mushrooms was 11.7 days. The differences of the yields among the substrates consisted of the sawdust of C. lanceolata and equal volume of those from T. orientalis, L. formosana and A. formosana were not significant at 5% level, while the differences of the yields among the substrates consisted of the sawdust of C. lanceolata and equal volume of those from C. glauca, M. kusanoi and A. confusa were not significant at 5% level either. However, the former three substrates were significantly more productive than the latter three ones at 5% level. The average yield of the substrate consisted equal volume of the sawdusts from C. lanceolata and T. orientalis was not significantly different from that of the substrate consisted of the sawdust of the latter tree species alone, however, finishing the harvest of 1st flush mushrooms of the former substrate took more days than the former one and was significantly different at 5% level.

並列關鍵字

Pleurotus eryngii ； Sawdust ； Tree species ； Bottle cultivation