Enhancement of the Resistance of Grass Prawn Penaeus Monodon Against Vibrio Damsela Infection by Beta-1,3-Glucan

自Schizophyllum Commune萃取之多醣類Beta-1，3-Glucan對增強草蝦抵抗弧菌Vibrio Damsela感染之研究

廖一久(I Chiu Liao) ； 蘇茂森(Mao-Sen Su) ； 張正芳(Cheng-Fang Chang) ； 何碧月(Bih-Yueh Her) ； 小島健正(Takemasa Kojima)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 23卷2期 (1996/06) Pp. 109-116

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.199606.0004

摘要

1990年三月至七月間，於宜蘭縣五結鄕的兩個草蝦池及一個大正蝦池，採集池水及蝦肝胰臟做細菌相的分析。共計收集了好氣性及兼氣性菌株671株。測定此671株細菌與45株參考菌株之形態、生理及生化特性，利用數値分類的方進行聚類分析，將相關係數Sj定在75％以上；結果將此671株菌中的495株（佔全數的74％）分成53個共表型族群(phenon)，其又可再分為12個主要族群及41個次要族群。主要族群包括了V.fluvialis/V.nereis（含兩個共表型族群），V.harveyi,V.vulnificus,Pseudomonas spp.（含兩個共表型族群），Aeromonas salmonicida,V.splendidus,Vibrio spp.V.parahaemolyticus,V.alginolyticus,及V.nereis；次要族群則包含Aeromonas sp.,Plesiomonas sp.,V.splendidus,V.natriegens,V.anguillarum biovarⅡ V.nigripulchrituds,Alteromonas,Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas,Neisseria,Moraxella及Flavobacteriumspp.此外，還有176株菌無法聚類在共表型族群中，分別屬於Vibrio,Pseudomonas,Moraxella,Flavobacterium,Alteromonas,Alcaligenes,Aermonas,Neisseria,Acinetobacter,Kingella,Enterobacteriaceae,unidentifiedGram positive rod及Gram variable rods.本研究將所分離的細菌分為代謝活潑菌(metabolic-active bacteria)與代謝不活潑菌(metabolic-inactive bacteria)，前者在23℃培養，於72小時之內即可長成大於2 mm的菌落，而後者則需培養7天以上才能生成菌落。代謝不活潑菌常為池水中的優勢菌群，其數量遠超過代謝活潑菌，卻幾乎不曾在蝦肝胰臟內出現。比較養蝦池水及蝦肝胰臟內的細菌相，結果顯示兩者中細菌的組成不同，細菌數量的變動無顯著的相關性。草蝦與大正蝦中的細菌組成亦無顯著差異。

關鍵字

多醣類 ； 草蝦 ； 弧菌

並列摘要

We isolated 671 strains of aerobic and facultative anaerobic,heterotrophic baclcria fromthe hepatopancreas of giant tiger prawns(Penaeus monodon),fleshy prawns(P.chinensis),and their culture water in I-Lan district(in northeastern Taiwan)during the period fromMarch to July,1990.Numerical analysis of the 671 isolates and 45 reference strains was carried out using79 morphological,biochemical,and physiological characters.At similarity values of 75%or above,as defined by the Sj(Jaccard)coefficient,495 strains(74% of the isolates)couldbe clustered into 53 phena(12 major and 41 minor).The major phena were equated withV.fluvialis /V.nereis(two phena),V.harveyi,V.vulnificus,Pseudomonas spp.(two phena),Aeromonas salmonicida,V.splendidus,Vibrio spp.V.parahaemolyticus,V.alginolyticusand V.nereis.The minor phena comprised Aeromonas sp.,Plesiomonas sp.,V.splendidus,V.natriegens,V.anguillarum biovar Ⅱ,V.nigripulchrituds,Alteromonas,Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas,Neisseria,Moraxella,and Flavobacterium spp.The remaining unclusterable176 strains include Vibrio,Pseudomonas,Moraxella,Flavobacterium,Alteromonas,Alcaligenes,Aeromonas,Neisseria,Acinetobacter,Kingella,Enterobacteriaceae,unidentifiedGram positive rod,and Gram variable rods.Based on their metabolic activity and growth rate,two kinds of bacteria were noticedamong the isolates.The metabolic-active group could develop a colony larger than 2 mmin a 72-h incubation at 23℃,while the metabolic-inactive group required 7 days of incubationto develop a visible colony.The metabolic-inactive group,consisting exclusively of watersource isolates,far surpasses the metabolic-active group in number,but except for one case,was not present in the prawns hepatopancreas.There was no significant correlation between the bacterial number and flora of thehepatopancreas of P.monodon and P.chinensis and of their inhabited water,nor was asignificant difference found between the bacterial number and flora of the hepatopancreasof P.monodon and P.chinensis.

並列關鍵字

Beta-1 ； 3-Glucan ； Penaeus Monodon ； Vibrio Damsela