Examining the Xiao Liuqiu Offshore Fishery Resource Structure and the Distribution of Released Species

臺灣小琉球海域漁業資源結構與放流物種分布調查

余淑楓(Shwu-Feng Yu) ； 黃建智(Jian-Zhi Huang) ； 賴繼昌(Chi-Chang Lai) ； 吳龍靜(Long-Jing Wu)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 44卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 185-196

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.201709_44(3).0005

摘要

In 2012, to protect the fishery resources and habitats in Xiao Liuqiu, the Pingtung County Government prohibited the use of gillnets in sea areas within 3 nautical miles of the shore. Furthermore, the government has released several marine species in the area to help revitalize local stocks. However, no studies have subsequently examined the effects of this prohibition and release of species on the fishery resources in Xiao Liuqiu. This study used the data on fishery conditions collected by sample boats over 4 years to explore how fishing boat operations, the fishery resource structure, and the distribution of released species have changed after the prohibition of gillnet use. The results revealed that the composition of offshore fish species was stable, but the average catch weight after the prohibition was higher than before the prohibition. The main fishing method used by fishermen is angling gear, and the main catch consisted of fish from Belonidae family, distributed in the northwestern sea area; second fishing method is trolling line, and the main catch fish from the Carangidae family, distributed in the eastern and open sea areas; the third is longline, and the main catch fish from the Sciaenidae family, with these fish distributed in the western and southwestern sea areas; the main catch fish from the diving dart fishing method is Monacanthidae family, with these fish distributed in the northern sea area. A total of seven released species were recorded in Xiao Liuqiu, but these species constituted only 2% of the total catch on the island. Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Epinephelus coioides, and Pagrus major constituted the majority of these released species. Lutjanus argentimaculatus was primarily distributed in the northeastern and eastern sea areas, whereas the other species were primarily distributed in the southwestern and southern sea areas.

關鍵字

catch composition ； angling gear ； Lutjanus argentimaculatus

並列摘要

為保育臺灣小琉球地區之漁業資源及生態棲地，屏東縣政府已於2012年公告禁止漁船於琉球鄉距岸三浬內使用各類刺網作業之限制，然而過去研究缺乏禁用刺網作業後，整個沿岸漁業資源之狀況調查。因此，本研究蒐集禁用刺網後，漁筏標本戶4年之漁撈作業資料，用於探討漁船作業動態、漁業資源結構與放流物種分布之情形。結果顯示，小琉球沿近海域魚種組成維持穩定狀態，但漁船每次漁獲重量較禁用刺網前，各漁法均較高。漁民作業漁法以一支釣為主，主要漁獲物為鶴鱵科（28.5%），分布於西北部海域；次要作業漁法為曳繩釣，漁獲物以鰺科（88.5%）最多，分布於東部海域及外海區；延繩釣漁獲優勢種以石首魚科（19.1%）為主，分布於西至西南海域；潛水鏢刺主要漁獲種類為單棘魨科（22.3%），分布於北部海域。小琉球共紀錄7種放流魚種，僅佔總漁獲量2%，以銀紋笛鯛（91.0%）、點帶石斑（4.4%）及嘉鱲（2.6%）所佔比例較高。銀紋笛鯛主要分布於東北部至東部海區，其餘種類主要分布於西南部與南部海區。

並列關鍵字

漁獲組成 ； 一支釣 ； 銀紋笛鯛