軍人休閒滿意之影響因素研究：志願役與義務役比較

Determinants of Military Personnel’s Leisure Satisfaction: Comparison of Voluntary and Obligatory Military Service

謝奇任(Chi-Jen Hsieh) ； 謝奇明(Chi-Ming Hsieh)

《復興崗學報》 108期 (2016/06) Pp. 25-49

摘要

國軍近年正在推動國防轉型，未來國防人力將大幅仰賴志願役軍源，義務役軍人將逐漸減少。不過志願役軍人是一種高壓職業，如果兵役制度轉向募兵制，在管理上，就要讓志願役軍人能在工作之外找到釋放壓力的方式。本研究提出的問題是：若志願役軍人工作壓力逐漸增加時，工作壓力是否阻礙了休閒活動參與？導致其對休閒生活不滿意的結果？一連串工作壓力所引發的影響與效應，是否存在於目前志願役或義務役軍人的工作與休閒之中？有別於以往軍人工作壓力與休閒行為的相關研究，本研究同時以志願役與義務役軍人為對象，運用結構方程模型驗證軍人在工作壓力、休閒阻礙、休閒參與、休閒滿意等關聯性，並檢驗役別之調節效果與差異情形。研究共發出1，102份問卷，回收696份有效問卷，有效問卷率為63.16%，分析結果顯示：1.工作壓力對休閒阻礙具有正向影響，尤其疲憊與焦慮感之影響最強烈；2.休閒阻礙對休閒參與具有負向影響，尤其以個人內在阻礙影響休閒參與最深；3.工作壓力透過休閒阻礙、休閒參間接影響休閒滿意；4.軍人役別分別調節疲憊焦慮感與個人內在阻礙、疲憊焦慮感與人際間阻礙、人際間阻礙與休閒參與間、休閒參與與身心健康間等四路徑關係。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 休閒阻礙 ； 休閒參與 ； 休閒滿意 ； 調節效果

並列摘要

The R.O.C. Armed Forces have been promoting the restructuring of national defense in recent years. In the future, the R.O.C. Armed Forces will strongly rely on volunteer soldiers with fewer draftees. However, voluntary military service is a stressful career and the transition towards an allvolunteer military will require that the volunteers be able to relieve work-related stress through leisure activities. It is unclear as to whether work-related stress affects soldiers' participation in leisure activities, whether it causes them to be dissatisfied with their life outside work, and how work-related stress influences individuals currently in the voluntary or mandatory military service. We employed structural equation modeling to evaluate the connections among the work-related stress, leisure constraints, leisure participation, and leisure satisfaction of military personnel and to determine whether types of military service moderate these connections. Out of the 1,102 questionnaires distributed, we recovered a total of 696 valid questionnaires for a valid recovery rate of 63.16 %. The analysis results indicate the following. 1. Work-related stress exerts positive influence on leisure constraints, and the sub-construct ‘fatigue and anxiety’ has the most significant impact. 2. Leisure constraints, particularly intrapersonal constraints, have a negative influence on leisure participation. 3. Work-related stress indirectly influences leisure satisfaction through leisure constraints and leisure participation. 4. Types of military service moderate the relationships between fatigue and anxiety and intrapersonal constraints, fatigue and anxiety and interpersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints and leisure participation, and leisure participation and physical and mental health.

並列關鍵字

work pressure ； leisure constraints ； leisure participation ； leisure satisfaction ； moderating effects