台灣空氣品質變化趨勢

環保署2006年的空氣污染監測資料顯示，2006年之空氣品質已較2005年改善，空氣汙染指標PSI大於100之主要組成空氣污染源仍以臭氧以及懸浮微粒為主，此類汙染物對大眾健康影響甚大，尤其以上呼吸道疾病之相關性最為顯著。環保署於1995年起徵收空污費，著手改善空氣品質。因此本文乃分析環保署於1994著手建置之空氣品質監測站之資料，分析各區域之空氣品質、污染物濃度排放趨勢，以及自1994-2006年來之濃度變化情形。本研究結果顯示，北部之空氣品質逐年改善之情況較為明顯，而中南部之懸浮微粒濃度均超過環保署所規定之排放標準，影響民眾健康，宜加以改善，另外在臭氧濃度部份，全台臭氧濃度逐年增加，因此需設法控制其濃度，另外趨勢分析的結果顯示各污染物濃度在時間上並無明顯之變動趨勢，因此長期的監控空氣品質才能了解空氣品質改善之成效。

關鍵字

空氣品質；趨勢分析；上呼吸道疾病

並列摘要

According to the air quality data gathered by Taiwan Environment Protection Administration (EPA), Taiwan air quality in 2006 was better than that in 2005. However, the air quality index PSI greater than 100 in 2006 indicates the dominating air pollutants were ozone and PM, which might cause upper respiratory diseases, therefore, detrimental to public health. EPA started collecting air pollution fees in 1995 and used the revenues to monitor and improve the air quality. In this study, we statistically analyzed the 1994-2006 air quality monitoring data gathered by EPA. The statistical analyses include time series plot, box plot, summary statistics and trend analysis. Results indicate that the air quality in northern Taiwan have improved over the past decade. However, there is no significant air quality improvement in central and southern Taiwan. PM concentration in central and southern Taiwan has been higher then the exposure standards set by EPA and needs to be curtailed to minimize its impact of public health. Taiwan ozone concentration has increased annually that needs effective measures to reduce ozone emission. It appears urgent to effectively control the ozone and PM concentrations for public health. We need a long-term air quality monitoring to assess the effectiveness of future air quality control.

並列關鍵字

air quality ； trend ； upper respiratory diseases

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