從雲林縣詔安客家聚落空間結構談聚落本體論之詮釋

Ontological Interpretation Based on the Village Spatial Structure of Zhao'an Hakka Villages in Yunlin County

黃衍明(Yen-Ming Huang) ； 邱舜茹(Shuen-Ju Chiu)

《地理學報》 100期 (2021/12) Pp. 3-37

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.202112_(100).0002

摘要

建造聚落是一連串價值判斷的過程。每處聚落都是一群人在不同時間共同進行的集體作品，其中充滿了意義。同一族群民系有共同文化，分享共同觀點與價值體系，應有相近的聚落底蘊，並反映在聚落形式上。透過聚落形式內在法則的解讀，應該可以逐層剖析其建立聚落的集體價值體系，以及主導集體價值體系的聚落本體論。雲林縣崙背、二崙、西螺三鄉鎮為臺灣詔安客家人分布最密集的地區，其中有57處詔安客家聚落。本文針對詔安客家聚落進行調查，列舉九項聚落構成元素，兩兩配對探討元素間相互影響關係後，可列舉23條聚落元素構成規則，依序分為六層級的環境價值，代表六階段聚落構成程序。從六層級環境價值再歸納出三項聚落本體論：「對自然之崇敬」、「對近鄰之尊重」、「對鬼神之迎拒」。透過由聚落空間元素、元素構成規則、聚落環境價值、聚落構成程序的分析再到聚落本體論詮釋，可得知雲林詔安客家聚落空間謹慎地處理「自然－人」、「人－人」、「神鬼－人」的關係，聚落環境清楚地體現聚落本體論意涵。

關鍵字

聚落 ； 空間結構 ； 詔安客 ； 環境價值 ； 本體論

並列摘要

The process of establishing a village is a series of judgements. Each village has significance as a collective work of a group of people living in different periods of time. People in the same ethnic group tend to share the same culture, viewpoints and values. This shared culture projects on the village form. The collective values can be read by analyzing the inner rules of the village form, , thus revealing the village ontology that forms the collective value. Lunbei, Erlun and Hsilo in Yunlin County are the three townships with most Zao'an Hakka people in Taiwan. The three townships consist of 57 Zao'an Hakka villages, which are found to have 9 significant elements. Pairwise comparisons were conducted to establish the relationships of village elements, generating 23 rules of village composition divided into 6 hierarchical layers of environmental value indicating 6 consecutive steps of shaping villages. Three village ontologies, namely ＂worship of nature＂, ＂respect for the neighbors＂ and ＂the attitude to the gods and ghosts＂, can be summarized from the 6 hierarchical layers of value. The results of finding village elements, establishing 23 rules of village composition, listing environmental values and steps of shaping villages, and interpreting of village ontologies reveal that the Zao'an Hakka people have been carefully managing their relationships with Nature, other Human Beings and the Gods and Ghosts. Their village environments clearly illustrate the meanings of village ontologies.

並列關鍵字

village ； spatial structure ； Zao'an Hakka ； environmental value ； ontology

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