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日本六次產業化影響因素之探討

The Determinants of Successful Agricultural Industrialization: the Case of Japan

摘要


提高生產型農業的附加價值及農家所得為農政單位的當務之急。我國積極推動的農業六次產業化最早源自於日本實施的「農林漁業的六次產業化」政策。此政策是欲將農業生產拓展至第二級食品加工業,及第三級產業的休閒農業以增加農家收入。臺灣與日本同為小農經營模式,皆面臨著農業產值低、農業人口老化及後繼無人等問題。因此,我國農政單位近年急起仿效六次產業化政策。然而,日本推行政策迄今,尚未有文章系統性的分析六次產業化的成效其及影響因素。因此,本研究旨在補足文獻上的不足;使用日本農林水產省於2010~2016共七年的六次產業化調查資料及各縣市的社經資料,應用縱橫資料迴歸模型(Panel Data Regression Model)及近似無相關迴歸模型(Seemingly Unrelated Regression, SUR)來探討縣市發展六次產業化的影響因素。本研究主要分析對象為日本46縣市,探討其發展六次產業化中影響因素。結果顯示,地方政府於農業的補助費對六次產業化皆為正的影響,但縣市內超市的經營則對直賣所及農產品加工廠兩個產業產生威脅,尤其直賣所不宜設立於便利商店和超商臨立的地方;不同的是,超市對休閒農產業(如農家餐廳、觀光農園、農家民宿)則有輔助效果。觀光客消費對直賣所的經營並無助益,對農產品加工廠及休閒農產業則有正面影響。因此,本文建議,直賣所應設立於大都會與鄉村相鄰的周邊地區,農產品加工廠則適合設立於觀光大縣,農家餐廳、觀光農園、農家民宿則適合設置在市郊並具超市之處。

並列摘要


Japan implemented the policy of agricultural industrialization in 2010 to promote value-added agriculture, aiming at establishing the food value chain and revitalizing the rural areas. In recent years, Taiwanese agricultural enterprises have begun following in the heels of Japan. However, the effect of agricultural industrialization is unexplored in academia. Correspondingly, the local factors that influence the development of agricultural industrialization remain unknown. Thus, this study aims to fill in this gap and explore the external critical success factors for agricultural industrialization in the 46 prefectures of Japan. This study used panel data dating from 2010 to 2016 for farmers' markets and agri-processing factories. Results show that the agricultural labor force increases the sales values of farmers' markets and agri-processing factories whereas supermarkets' sales decrease the sales values of the two industries. On the other hand, tourism has a positive impact on the operation of agri-processing factories, but does not affect the operation of farmers' markets. Hence, this study suggests that farmers' markets should be located adjacent to big cities, and agri-processing factories should be located near major tourist attractions.

參考文獻


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