Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium Intakes in Japanese Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

日本3至5歲兒童的鈣、鎂、鉀、鈉攝取狀況

Tomiko Shibata ； Taeko Murakami ； Haruo Nakagaki ； Naoki Narita ； Miho Goshima ； Tomoko Sugiyama ； Mamoru Nishimuta

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 17卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 441-445

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2008.17.3.11

摘要

此研究目的在於評估學齡前兒童在可能影響健康和牙齒結構的鈣、鎂攝取，及可能影響與生活形態相關疾病的鉀、鈉攝取。在1999學年度（1999年4月至2000年5月）夏、秋、冬季各選1天以複製飲食方法收集90名學齡前兒童攝取的飲食（年齡3歲、4歲及5歲各15名男孩及15名女孩）。將樣品灰化並溶於溶劑後，以原子吸收光譜測量鈣、鎂、鉀、鈉的濃度。3-5歲兒童飲食攝取中的鈣、鎂、鉀、鈉的中位數分別為432mg、110mg、1.18g、1.60g，在性別上並無顯著的差異。每種礦物質的攝取情形都有季節性的變化。大部分學齡前兒童鈣的攝取沒有達到足夠攝取量，可能由於日本在牛奶及乳製品上的低攝取。13.3%的受試者中鎂的攝取量低於平均需要量，鉀的攝取量都有達到足夠攝取量。四分之一的學齡前兒童在鈉的攝取量超過暫定的飲食目標。結論為3-5歲的日本兒童其鈣攝取量低，鈉攝取量高，鉀的攝取量足夠，但是部分兒童可能有鎂缺乏的風險。

關鍵字

複製飲食方法 ； 學齡前兒童 ； 季節變化 ； 礦物質的攝取 ； 營養調查

並列摘要

The present study aimed to evaluate in preschool children the intakes of Ca, Mg that possibly affect health and tooth formation and the intakes of K and Na that may affect lifestyle-related diseases. Information on dietary intake was collected from 90 preschool children (15 boys and 15 girls each in the 3-, 4- and 5-year old groups) on 3 separate days in the school fiscal year 1999 (April 1999 to March 2000) by the duplicate-diet technique. The Ca, Mg, K, and Na concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using wet-ashed samples. The medians of mean daily intakes of Ca, Mg, K and Na in 3- to 5-year-old children were 432 mg, 110 mg, 1.18 g and 1.60 g, respectively, and no significant differences with regard to gender were observed. Seasonal variation of intake was seen for each mineral. Calcium intake in most preschool children did not meet adequate intake (AI), probably due to low intakes of milk and dairy products in Japan. Magnesium intake was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) in 13.3% of the subjects, while the K intake met the AI. Sodium intake in a quarter of preschool children exceeded the tentative dietary goal. We concluded that in Japanese children aged 3- 5 years; Ca intake is low, Na intake is high, and K intake is adequate, but some children could be at risk for Mg deficiency.

並列關鍵字

duplicate-diet technique ； preschool children ； seasonal variation ； mineral intake ； nutrition survey