木材用塗料耐久性之研究

Durability of Clear Finishes on Wood Surfaces

張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 2卷4期 (1987/12) Pp. 303-318

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.198712.0303

摘要

塗料之性質及耐久性直接且嚴重影響木器製品之價值與使用年限。本研究之目的係在比較目前家具業者常使用各種塗料之性質及其耐久性，所測試的塗料計有硝化纖維(NC)拉卡 3 種，聚脲酯(PU)塗料四種及胺基醇酸(Amino-alkyd)塗料一種，塗料塗佈於橡膠木及橡木後即置入人工促進耐候試驗箱進行耐久性試驗，然後以塗膜表面色澤之變化、化學成分之變化、及其他各種物理性質之變化來比較塗料之耐久性。試驗結果得知塗膜很容易受光之影響而劣化，且各種塗料受光照射後，被破壞的塗膜性質各有不同。在所測試的 3 類塗料中，以聚脲酯塗料之耐久性較佳，而硝化纖維拉卡的較差；但僅就表面之色變而言，硝纖維拉卡為 3 類測試塗料中較輕微者，而聚脲酯塗料的色變卻最為明顯。就所有塗膜性質變化總和而言，在 3 種硝化纖維塗料中，以西德廠牌NC-1之耐久性較佳；在 4 種聚脲酯塗料當中，以西德廠牌PU-2塗料之耐久性最差，產生極明顯的變化，而國產廠牌PU-4塗料之變化較為輕微，故其耐久性較佳。總之國產廠牌塗料之性質與耐久性並不遜於進口之塗料。塗膜受光影響之劣化反應機構亦於文中討論。

關鍵字

耐久性 ； 透明塗料 ； 色變 ； 光劣化 ； 塗膜性質

並列摘要

The properties and durability of clear finishes definitely affect their performance on wood surfaces and enhance the life of wood products. A series of clear finishes, including nitrocelluloses, polyurethanes and amino-alkyd, was tested on oak and rubber wood under an accelerated lightfastness exposure. The performance and durability of the clear finishes were evaluated according to the changes of color on the wood surfaces, the chemical composition modification of the film, and the deterioration of physical properties of the film. Experimental results revealed that all the clear finishes studied were susceptible to degradation by UV light (λ＞300nm), and that the changes of film properties differed among the clear finishes studied after accelerated lightfastness testing. In addition, the performance of eight clear finishes was compared, and the possible mechanisms of photooxidation of coatings were also discussed in this paper.

並列關鍵字

Durability ； clear finish ； lightfastness ； discoloration ； infrared spectrum ； photooxidation ； film property