王陽明“四句教”的三次辯難及其詮釋學義蘊

Three Debates on Wang Yangming's "Four Sentences Doctrine" (Si-Ju-Jiao) and Its Hermeneutic Significance

陳立勝(Li-Sheng Chen)

《臺大歷史學報》 29期 (2002/06) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2002.29.01

摘要

本文旨在通過對王陽明「四句教」的三次辯難的論辯措辭與論辯雙方所預設的「信念」進行共時態與歷時態的考察，管窺新儒學傳統（尤其是陸王傳統）演化過程中的權威（聖經、聖人、聖傳）與個體的體驗（心）之間、經典與詮釋之問、正統與創新之間存在的種種互動與張力，以期有助於把握儒學傳統的詮釋性品格及其相關問題。
全文共分五節。第一節說明全文的主要內容及主旨。第二節考察錢德洪與王龍溪就「四有」與「四無」所展開的爭論。第三節探討許孚遠「九諦」與周汝登「九解」之辯。第四節分析顧涇陽與管東淇就無善無惡所發生的爭辯。第五節則進一步辨析三次辯難之異同及其詮釋學義蘊。
本文認為，三次辯難之變化，既反映出明末思想演進的走向，也透露出各自相關語境的變遷。辯難所牽涉到的幾個不同的向度（聖人權威向度、經傳向度、功夫踐履向度、心－體驗向度）在不同的辯難過程中是不斷游移的，三次辯難也反映了儒學信仰共同體與其聖經文本之問的辯證關聯及其歷史變遷。

關鍵字

四句教 ； 無善無惡 ； 辯難 ； 詮釋學

並列摘要

The present paper consists of five sections. Section I reviews the main content and purpose of the paper. Sections Ⅱ-Ⅳ discuss these three debates on Wang Yangming's ”four sentences doctrine” (Si-Ju-Jiao) following the historical order. Section V discloses the similarities and differences among these three debates and analyzes their hermeneutic significance.
It is pointed that there were some changes in rhetoric and ”bed-rock faith” used and presupposed by each partner in these three debates, which reflected the tendency of thought in later Ming Dynasty and contextuality, respectively. The dimensions involved in the debates, such as sage authority orientation, scripture orientation, praxis orientation and experience orientation, were in the discursive state. The three debates also reflected a kind of reciprocity between the Confucian community and the sacred text.

並列關鍵字

Four sentences doctrine Si-Ju-Jiao ； Beyond good and evil ； Debate ； Hermeneutic

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