墨家說服性推理與哲學諮商

哲學諮商，涉及被諮商者意義世界的自我重整、修復、修正或創造；意義世界包含著個人的世界觀、人生觀與價值觀，每一個人的意義世界具有：基礎性、內在合理性、導向性、實踐性與整體性等性質。本文指出諮商者可類比為說服者，而被諮商者則為被說服者；而哲學諮商的方法可以參考墨家說服性推理的相關思想資源。其中涉及思想單位中的情境構作、情境處理與情境融合。情境構作包含對象與處境、表達的義理、對象的質疑三層面；情境處理包含情境延伸、情境衝突、情境脈絡推理三層面；情境融合包含情境構作與情境處理的融合性、說服者本身思想單位間的融合性、以及與對象思維情境的融合性。透過墨家說服性推理各觀點與層面的分析，有助於提升哲學諮商方法在實務上的應用。

關鍵字

哲學諮商；意義世界；思想單位；情境構作；情境處理；情境融合

並列摘要

Philosophical counseling relates to the clients' self-reforming, self-healing, self-correcting or self-creation in the meaning world. Meaning world contains personal worldview, life-outlook and values, and the meaning world of everyone has the nature of the basis, inner-reasonable, orienting, practical and holistic. This article points out that a consultative person like a persuader, and consultative object is similar to a person been persuaded. Philosophical counseling can refer to the ideological sources of persuasive reasoning on Mohist philosophy, which involves context construction, context processing, and context integration in the thought unit. Context construction is affected by factors such as the characteristics of objects, argumentation, and the questioning of objects. The methods for context processing include: context extension, context conflict, context reasoning, etc. Context integration involves the coordination between context construction and context processing of a thought unit, and includes the fusion of persuaders' thought units and the fusion of the object's context of thinking. Through the persuasive reasoning of the analysis of the views and levels on Mohist philosophy, that will help to improve the practice of the philosophical counseling method.