宗教信念、公共理性與共同意志：John Rawls與Jurgen Habermas的宗教理論之對比研究

Religious Belief, Common Will and Public Reason: A Contrastive Study of Religious Theory Between John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas

周明泉(Ming-Chuan CHOU)

《哲學與文化》 44卷4期 (2017/04) Pp. 61-78

摘要

本文主要的目標並非要去評定Habermas 或Rawls 針對彼此作品說了些什麼，而是要去探討他們各自的理論如何處理宗教在公共論域中的地位和功能這一重要問題。首先，筆者將釐清宗教信念、共同意志與公共理性之間的內在關連性。其次，筆者將闡釋Rawls對宗教或宗教信念的態度的改變，也就是從排斥原則轉向為包容原則。最後，筆者將說明Habermas 的方法學無神論，以及他為何宣稱宗教是不可以被解消或替代。

關鍵字

方法學上的無神論 ； 後形上學的思想 ； 後世俗的社會 ； 整全性學說 ； 善的構思

並列摘要

The aim of this article is not so much to assess what Habermas and Rawls said about each other's work, as to examine how their respective theories deal with the important problem of the place and role of religion in public sphere. First of all, the author will clarify the intrinsic relationship between religious beliefs, the common will and public reason. Secondly, the author will explain the Rawls's attitude to religion or religious belief change is from exclusion principle to inclusive principle. Finally, the author will illustrate the methodological atheism in Habermas' view, and why he claimed that religion cannot be eliminated or replaced.

並列關鍵字

Methodological Atheism ； Post-metaphysical Thinking ； Post-secular Society ； Comprehensive Doctrines ； Conception of Good

參考文獻

Berger, Peter(1990).The Sacred Canopy: Elements of Sociological Theory of Religion.NY:Anchor.

Bulter, Judith,Habermas, Jürgen,Taylor, Charles,West, Cornel(2011).The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere.NY:Columbia University Press.

Habermas, Jürgen(1988).Nachmetaphysisches Denken.Frankfurt a. Main:Suhrkamp.

Habermas, Jürgen(1991).Texte und Kontexte.Frankfurt a. Main:Suhrkamp.

Habermas, Jürgen(1999).Die Einbeziehung des Anderen.Frankfurt:Suhrkamp.