學科、方法與視角：有意義的比較哲學如何可能？

比較哲學方法論問題的複雜性源於比較哲學本身的複雜性。無論是作為一種哲學方法還是一門學科，比較哲學都與比較宗教學以及跨文化翻譯密切相關。從方法論的角度來看，只有完整地展現了一個比較視角的哲學研究才能稱得上比較哲學。這就要求研究者對兩個傳統的了解程度相當，能夠在兩個話語體系、兩種價值觀念之間自如地切換。嚴肅的中西比較必然要面對一個整全的多源多流的西方傳統，而不是簡單的理所當然的以現代西方哲學這個橫斷面取代源遠流長的西方思想傳統。可以肯定的是，在放棄上世紀流行的宏大敘事風格、抛棄以東方傳統觀念比附現代西方哲學的比較模式之後，我們需要以文本尤其是經典文本為依託、以問題為中心的跨文化的哲學對話。

關鍵字

比較哲學；比較視角；方法；方法論；學科

並列摘要

The complexity of the methodology of comparative philosophy arises from the dubious and complex nature of comparative study itself. Whether as a philosophical approach or a discipline, comparative philosophy is closely tied up with comparative religion and cross-cultural translation. From a methodological point of view, only when a comparative perspective is thoroughly demonstrated in a philosophical narrative can the relevant research be regarded as comparative philosophy. This requires the researchers to have acquired familiarity with the two traditions to certain extent which allows him or her to switch smoothly between the two different discourses as well as two different systems of values. A serious comparative philosophy between China and the West is bound to face the Western tradition as a whole which is multi-lineal and highly complex in historical terms, instead of simply replacing the long development of Western traditions by the modern Western philosophy. It is certain that, in abandoning the style of grand narrative as well as the comparative paradigm that was in vogue in the last century, we need to consider a new type of comparative philosophy which, as an ideal type, should be a question-focused intercultural philosophical dialogue on the one hand, and is based on solid textual studies on the other hand, in particular the analysis of the classical / scriptural texts.