《莊子》「春秋經世，先王之志，聖人議而不辨」釋義－以經學家觀點為考察主線

An Examination of the Text of Zhuang Zi ＂Chun Qiu Rule the World, Confucius Discuss the Idea of the Former Generation Sages without Arguing＂

任新民(Xinmin REN)

《哲學與文化》 49卷12期 (2022/12) Pp. 135-149

摘要

《莊子》「春秋經世，先王之志，聖人議而不辨」一句，就其中「春秋」的理解而言，有兩種主流觀點，一是認為「春秋」即「時代」，一是認為「春秋」即「《春秋》」，為史書，但不是孔子所作之《春秋》。與傳統莊學學者不同，《春秋》經學家一般認為「春秋」不是指時代，而是孔子所作《春秋》。就其中「志」的理解而言，左氏學者杜預同多數莊學學者一致，認為「志」為動詞「記」，即記載，而多數經學家認為「志」為名詞，即志向。就其中「聖人」而言，經學家認為就是指孔子。而最為經學家稱述的就是「議而不辨」，經學家認為這是對孔子《春秋》筆法的絕佳概括。審慎考察部分歷史學家，特別是經學家對於《莊子》此句的詮釋，有助於我們合理拓寬《莊子》的詮釋領域。

關鍵字

《莊子》 ； 春秋 ； 志

並列摘要

In terms of the text of Zhuang Zi, ＂Chun Qiu rule the world, Confucius discusses the idea of the former generation sages without arguing＂, there are two main points of view on the understanding of ＂Chun Qiu＂: one is that it means ＂times＂; the other is that it means Spring and Autumn Annals, which is a historical book but not written by Confucius. Unlike traditional Zhuang Xue scholars, scholars of Chun Qiu believe that ＂Chun Qiu＂ does not refer to the times, but the most important work of Confucius. In terms of the understanding of ＂Zhi＂, Zuo Zhuan scholars and Zhuang Xue scholars agree that Zhi is a verb, namely Ji, that is, record, while more other scholars believe that ＂Zhi＂ is a noun, that is, ambition. As far as ＂sage＂ is concerned, the scholars of Chun Qiu think it means Confucius. One of the most admired statements of the scholars of Chun Qiu is ＂judging without arguing＂, which is regarded by the scholars of Chun Qiu as a perfect summary of Confucius's Chun Qiu. Careful investigation of all interpretations of this text of Zhuang Zi will help us reasonably broaden the field of the interpretation of Zhuang Zi.

並列關鍵字

Zhuang Zi ； Chun Qiu ； Ambition

參考文獻

漢．董仲舒撰，清．淩曙注，《春秋繁露》，北京：中華書局，1975。

宋．陳祥道，《論語全解原序》，《景印文淵閣四庫全書》第 196 冊。

宋．胡安國，《春秋傳》，載《景印文淵閣四庫全書》第 151 冊。

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