回到經驗的哲學實踐：作為照顧哲學方法的存在現象學心理學

The Philosophical Praxis of Back-to-Experiences: Existential Phenomenological Psychology as the Method to the Philosophy of Care

李維倫(Wei-Lun LEE)

《哲學與文化》 50卷3期 (2023/03) Pp. 103-120

摘要

照顧哲學必然涉及照顧者與被照顧者經驗，而對經驗進行還原的現象學雖是發展照顧哲學的重要方法指引，但其實踐需要被重新審視與理解。本文主張，以他人提供之照顧經驗為對象的現象學還原分析，成就出來既不是超驗論現象學也不是胡塞爾意義下的現象學心理學，而是本文稱之為「存在現象學心理學」的實踐方法。這是因為，自其實踐以來，以「現象學心理學還原」為基礎的現象學心理學既沒有被實證心理學肯認為心理經驗的先驗基礎，其作為超驗論現象學預備的角色也沒有發揮。然而一種超出胡塞爾設定而在經驗層面實踐的現象學心理學，卻成為揭露人之種種存在特徵的學門而蓬勃發展。本文將分析現象學心理學還原與超驗論現象學還原的操作，進而提出異於兩者的存在現象學還原，指稱以實徵經驗資料為對象的還原分析。而如此還原所顯露的是「特定經驗中經驗者與經驗對象之間的意義生成形構作用」，也就是揭露人在種種存在處境中的經驗意義生成作用結構。其所建立的也就可以稱之為「存在現象學心理學」，並作為照顧哲學面對經驗的方法。

關鍵字

哲學實踐 ； 照顧哲學 ； 現象學還原 ； 現象學心理學 ； 存在現象學

並列摘要

The philosophy of care necessarily involves the experience of the care-giver and the cared. Although, with the doctrine of "back to experiences themselves," phenomenology can be a proper guidance to develop the philosophy of care, the way to carrying out this guidance, however, needs to be re-examined and understood in a new light. In this essay, it is argued that, what the phenomenological reduction applied to the experience concerning care from the person other than the phenomenologist achieves neither transcendental phenomenology nor the phenomenological psychology in Husserl's view, but a practical method called as "existential phenomenological psychology." This argument stems from the fact that, the phenomenological psychology proposed by Husserl both as a prior foundation to all psychological sciences and as the preparatory stage of transcendental phenomenology have never been fulfilled. On the other hand, there has been flourishing a version of phenomenological psychology beyond Husserl's expectation devoting itself to the disclosure of the various modes of human existence. The present essay will address the operational side of phenomenological psychological reduction and transcendental phenomenological reduction so as to propose a third kind of reduction, existential phenomenological reduction, to be the phenomenological method of analyzing the reported experiences. What this new kind of reduction discloses is the constituting process in which meaning emerges within the particular lived experience, that is, the experiential structure of meaning unfolding in various modes of human existence. The study thus built up can be named as existential phenomenological psychology, and taken as the mothed in understanding experience for the enterprise of the philosophy of care.

並列關鍵字

Philosophical Praxis ； The Philosophy of Care ； Phenomenological Reduction ； Phenomenological Psychology ； Existential Phenomenology

參考文獻

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