「主‧匠興造」現象中的認同與現實－以中國南方民居為例

A Study on the Dynamic Coordination between the Patron and the Craftsman in the Traditional Houses of Southern China

盧圓華(Yuan-Hua Lu)

《建築學報》 33期 (2000/07) Pp. 81-101

https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.200007.0081

摘要

本文從「主‧匠興造」現象所代表的明、清二季中國南方民居建築的營造本題出發，探究隱含於其住居型式背後那「因人」的主體因素。針對主‧匠興造的模式，以營造行動及其文化特質一事，作為營造主體的動力來源，在這相涉的主體人自身與外在條件兩端，藉由興造過程中「能主」的人格特質，發現到因人的主體意識所自我援引之特定的觀物傾向及其自然人化現象。有鑿於能主的匠做主體立場之曖昧與複雜，乃從工夫人的「慎獨」意志之意識狀態開始，從住居的形式與倫理之雙邊關係中逐步探討其在意義階層的具體實踐意涵。如此，介於建築現象和完型構成兩端，我們可以建立一條通往匠家們肆應於主家的技術倫理，以及最終型式下的產物之存有狀態的規律。

關鍵字

主‧匠興造 ； 中國南方民居 ； 主體性（主觀性）

並列摘要

This study is aimed at investigating the ambiguous and complicated relationship between the patron and the craftsman who together construct the tradition of the ordinary houses in Southern China during the period of the Ming and the Ching Dynasties. The author believes that this investigation will uncover the decisive factors hidden in the traditional houses. These factors are ”subjective”, depending on man's will, not materialistic or typological, as seen in the earlier studies. The ethics and the built form are seen as the keys to discover the subjective characters of the traditional houses. The author thus constructs a discursive hierarchy to show how the subjectivity works in the traditional houses: the meaning system, the institution, the model form. Between the two extremes of architecture as a phenomenon and as a modeling, this study will point to a new direction to interpret the ”pattern” of the traditional houses. From the perspective of the subjectivity, this study demonstrates the value of the traditional houses in the social process of dynamic coordination as well.

並列關鍵字

the coordination between the patron und the craftsman ； traditional houses in Southern China ； subjectivity

參考文獻

American Concrete Institute(1995).Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary (ACI 318-95R).

Mou, S. T.(1990).Effect of Tie Spacing on Inelastic Buckling of Reinforcing Bars.ACI Structural Journal.87(6)

Paulay, T., Priestly, M. J. N.(1992).Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings.New York:John Wiley ＆ Sons, Inc..

Salmon, C. G., Johnson, J. E.(1990).Steel Structures: Design and Behavior.Harper Collins Publisher Inc..

中國土木水利工程學會(1997)。混凝土工程設計規範與解說（土木401-86）。