二程本體論要旨探究－從自然論向目的論的展開

From Naturalism to Teleology: A Study of the General Principles of the Ontology of the Ch'eng Brothers

鍾彩鈞(Tsai-Chun Chung)

《中國文哲研究集刊》 2期 (1992/03) Pp. 385-422

https://doi.org/10.6351/BICLP.199203.0385

並列摘要

In this article the author analyzes the general principles of the ontology of Ch'eng Hao and Ch'eng I and traces their connections. Holding an Immanent Vitalism, Ch'eng Hao suggests by ”the Oneness of Heaven and Man” that Heaven (t'ien), being the same as Way (tao), Divinity (shen), and Creativity (sheng), is completely immanent in Man (jen) and other creatures. By the concept of Heavenly Principle (t'ien-li) Ch'eng Hao means both the natureness of Existent Nature (ch'i-chih chih-shing) and the reality of Heavenly Way, thus implying a development from naturalism to teleology. By the concept of Destiny (ming) Cheng Hao also shows the twofold tendency and suggests a trust in Desting at the level of Heavenly Way. The ontology of Ch'eng I has three phases: (1) Asserting the a priori permanence of the Way, he establishes a teleology of moral discipline. (2) Maintaining a strict division between Substance and Function, he identifies Principle with the transcendental and immovable Substance. (3) He delimits Destiny at the level of Material Force (ch'i). However, since Way is to Destiny as Substance is to Function, moral effort may result III the changes in Destiny.