A Note on Testing the Induced Innovation Hypothesis under Dynamic Adjustment

誘發創新假說之檢定：動態調整模型的應用

陸怡蕙(Yir-Hueih Luh)

《經濟論文叢刊》 33卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 213-228

https://doi.org/10.6277/ter.2005.332.4

摘要

農業發展的相關文獻往往將已開發與開發中國家農業生產力的差距，或一國農業部門的持續成長，歸因於供給面的三種特質：生產技術的進步，規模經濟的開發與技術變動的偏向。因此，藉由農業部門技術變動速度與方向的研究，不僅可對一國農業的成長提出較為合理的解釋，對於政策決策者而言，這方面的研究更有助於其研擬以持續高成長率為目標的相關農業政策。本文在動態調整的架構下，建構檢定誘發創新假說的理論模型。文中將相對要素使用率的變動分解為(a)相對價格變動後，延著原等產量線移動所造成的相對要素使用率的變動；以及(b)等產量線移動時，由於技術偏向而造成的相對要素使用率變動。最後並利用臺灣的生產農業資料，將相對要素價格的歷史變動趨勢與估測的要素使用偏向進行比較，以檢視我國農業在發展的過程中是否如誘發創新假說所預測的，選擇了能有效放鬆先天資源稟賦限制的技術進步路徑。

關鍵字

資源稟賦限制 ； 誘發創新假說 ； 動態調整架構

並列摘要

This note proposes an empirical test of the induced innovation hypothesis tinder a dynamic adjustment framework. The dynamic dual approach is employed to derive the system of behavioral equations and dynamic analogue to Hayami and Ruttan's definition of factor-using bias. Empirical implementation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by examining the plausibility of the induced innovation hypothesis against the development experience of Taiwan's agricultural production. Based on the econometrically estimated parameters, the induced factor-using bias for each input are calculated and graphed against its relative prices. The results suggest that technical change was biased in the labor-saving and material-using direction during the period 1952 to 1987, in response to the continuous increase in the labor wage rate and the decline in material prices relative to other input prices. However, technical change in Taiwan's agricultural production was almost neutral with respect to the of capital for the entire period, which was a period revealing relative stability in capital prices. The results render support to the induced innovation hypothesis, indicating that technical change was directed towards using (saving) the factors that became relatively less (more) expensive.

並列關鍵字

resource endowments ； induced innovation ； dynamic adjustment

參考文獻

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