台灣婦運與世代價值差異

The Women's Movement and Value Differences across Generations in Taiwan

楊婉瑩(Wan-Ying Yang)

《政治科學論叢》 49期 (2011/09) Pp. 161-195

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.49(161-195)

摘要

本研究關切一般公民的性別意識和婦運發展的關連性。婦運在不同時期對不同性別議題的社會倡議，可能擴散或動員了一般公民的性別意識的改變。本文認為伴隨著台灣婦運的發展，同時產生世代性的集體價值變化，可以區分為兩個主要的階段：其一是自一九七○改革年代中，經歷社會經濟結構以及文化政治改變，首次出現對於既有性別秩序的挑戰，延續到之後的婦運組織化以及推動政策立法與社會結構改革，本文以該運動的時間起點劃分出所謂「婦運七○世代」，指涉受到當時集體氛圍影響而型塑其價值的婦運世代。其二則是在一九九○年代，在民主化後的台灣經歷社會多元化轉型，婦運議題進入大學校園的課程以及社團，年輕世代的成員的加入，繼受相對較為平等的性別體制，轉向關切身體政治、認同以及差異政治，本文將之稱為「婦運九○世代」，代表受到該時期婦女運動價值影響的年輕世代。為檢證不同婦運經驗所蘊含的集體世代價值差異，本文進而引用世界價值變遷資料庫（World Value Surveys）二○○六年台灣資料，來檢驗成長於不同婦運世代者在相關性別議題上的態度差異。資料結果顯示，「婦運七○世代」與婦運前世代在性別平權價值上存在明顯的差異，「婦運七○世代」強調性別平權相關價值，包括在政治、教育、企業等面向的男女平權議題。而隨著社會多元化發展以及世代成員的更替，「婦運九○世代」對於性解放相關的議題與「婦運七○世代」已經有所差異，兩個婦運新舊世代的差異主要顯示在同性戀以及性交易的支持態度上，也反映了當時婦運的立場爭議。這些發展都顯示出，世代是理解台灣婦運價值變遷的重要集體性的時間座標。

關鍵字

婦運 ； 世代 ； 婦運七○世代 ； 婦運九○世代 ； 價值差異

並列摘要

This study concerns the connection between public gender consciousness and the development of the women's movement. Women's movements have advocated different gender issues and values in different time periods, which then diffuse into and mobilize the gender consciousness of the general public. Following the progress of the Taiwan women's movement, changes in the gender values of the general public can be divided into two stages or generations. The first gender generation refers to those who, experiencing social, cultural, and political change began to challenge the established gender order and form new organizations which advocated for policy reform and changes in the social structure. This study labels this movement as the ”1970s generation women's movement,” referring to the generation whose gender values are shaped by the collective women's movement of the time. The second gender generation arising in the 1990s following Taiwan democratization and increased social plurality instilled women's issues into the university curriculums and campus activities and associations. With the appearance of new members who had grown up in a relatively gender-equal environment, the focus of the movement turned to the subject of identity and difference. We refer those whose gender values were shaped during this period as ”1990s generation women's movement.” To further examine the collective generational differences in terms of gender values, this study applied the World Value Surveys for Taiwan in 2006. The empirical test shows that the differences between the generation before the emergence of the women's movement generation and the 1970s generation women's movement are manifested in the gender equality values across a range of spheres, including education, employment, and political leadership. It also found that the main attitudinal differences between the generations of the 1970s and 1990s are related to issues of sexual liberalization, particularly in terms of attitudes toward homosexuality and prostitution. In conclusion, this study shows that generational units are central to understanding the collective transformation of Taiwan's gender values.

並列關鍵字

Women's Movement ； Generation ； 1970s Generation Women's Movement ； 1990s Generation Women's Movement ； World Values Surveys

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