社會階層與財務資本對教育分流之影響：以嘉義縣市高中職為例

The Influences of Social Stratification and Financial Capital on Educational Tracking: Case Study of Senior High Schools in Chiayi

張訓譯(Syun-Yi Chang) ； 徐千偉(Chian-Woei Shyu)

《中國行政評論》 24卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 55-93

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.201806_24(2).03

摘要

本研究探討在我國實施十二年國教之後，社會階層與財務資本是否仍影響教育分流，其程度如何。本研究使用問卷調查法（Questionnaire survey method），在2016年針對嘉義地區公私立高中職一年級學生246人進行問卷調查，而這批學生是透過十二年國教管道入學的學生。本研究在衡量社會階層面向時，採用以下兩個變項：父母教育程度、父母職業類別。在衡量財務資本時，採用以下兩個變項：家庭月收入、小孩補習費用。在衡量教育分流面向時，將高中的教育分流分為明星公立高中、一般公立高中、公立高職及私立高職。研究發現我國實施十二年國教後，家庭的社會階層及財務資本在嘉義地區高中職的教育分流仍具相關性。在社會階層方面，父母教育程度為「大學以上」、父母親職業屬「上層階級」的學生有較高的比例會進入到「明星公立高中」。在財務資本方面，家庭月收入超過「100,001元（含）以上」的學生、「有補習費用」的學生有較高的比例會進入到「明星公立高中」，而「沒有補習費」的學生有較高的比例會進入到「私立高職」，且家庭月收入的多寡會影響家庭可支配給子女的補習費用。經由階層迴歸分析發現，在「明星公立高中」的部分，社會階層中的「父母教育程度」及「父親職業」有較高關連性。在「一般公立高中」的部分，則是財務資本中的「家庭月收入」有較高關連性。在「公立高職」的部分，則與社會階層及財務資本存在較低關連性。在「私立高職」的部分，則與社會階層中的「父親教育程度」有較高關連性。研究結果顯示，我國實施十二年國教的初期階段，家長的社經背景對教育分流具相當程度之解釋力，家長社經階級之差異影響子女的教育分流。但教育分流的趨勢已經不再是傳統上以升學為導向的普通高中，而有往高職方向流動的另一種升學趨勢。

關鍵字

社會階層 ； 財務資本 ； 教育分流

並列摘要

This study aims to explore whether social stratification and financial capital have influences on educational tracking of senior high school students in Chiayi and to what extend these influences are after the implementation of the 12-year National Basic Education Policy in Taiwan. This study applied Questionnaire Survey method as research method and was conducted in July, 2016. 246 freshmen in public and private senior high school students in Chiayi were selected as sample in this study. Two measurements were taken to measure social stratification of the students: Parents' education level and parents' occupation. Two measurements were taken to measure financial capital of the students: Monthly household income and cost of after-school tutorial education. Four measurements were taken to measure educational tracking of the students: Top-ranking public high schools, ordinary public high schools, public vocational high schools, and private vocational high school. The results of this study were as following: 1. After the implementation of the 12- year National Basic Education Policy, social stratification and financial capital to some extent still have influences on educational tracking of senior high school students in Chiayi. 2. In terms of social stratification, students with parents' education level of bachelor and master degree, upper occupation class, and family's monthly household income above NTD 100,001 have higher possibility to study in top-ranking public high schools. 3. In terms of financial capital, the students with family's monthly household income above NTD 100,001 and financial support for after-school tutorial education have higher possibility to study in top-ranking public high schools. The students without financial support for after-school tutorial education have higher possibility to study in private vocational high schools. 4. Hierarchical regression analysis shows: In top-ranking public high schools, parents' education level and occupation have higher significance on students' educational tracking. In ordinary public high schools, monthly household income has higher significance on students' educational tracking. In public vocational high schools, social stratification and financial capital do not have significance on students' educational tracking. In private vocational high school, fathers' education level has higher significance on students' educational tracking.

並列關鍵字

Social Stratification ； Financial Capital ； Educational Tracking

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