美國對台灣民主發展之影響：一個「霸權穩定論」演化的分析觀點

U.S. Influence on Taiwan's Democratic Development: The Analytical Perspective of an Evolutionary Approach of Hegemonic Stability Theory

宋學文(Hseik-Wen Soong) ； 陳亮智(Liang-Chih Evans Chen)

《東吳政治學報》 29卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 1-51

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.201109.0001

摘要

攸關台灣政治發展的外部力量－美國，其對台灣民主轉型之影響為何？美國對台灣的民主發展是無條件支持？或視情況而定？由於二次大戰結束以來美國在國際事務之領導方式已由強調政治、軍事與經濟逐漸轉為除了政治、軍事與經濟外，亦著重民主、自由、平等之非物質因素以及多邊主義之精神，因此本文從「霸權穩定論」之演化的角度出發，強調「美國自由霸權」與傳統霸權穩定論之差異，並就美國在海外的人道與民主干預行為，提出一個可以解釋並分析美國對台灣民主發展之角色分析的研究途徑。我們認為美國對台灣民主發展的態度基本上是同情並且支持的。但在後冷戰時期，一方面由於中國國力的上升，另一方面台海穩定與亞太安全逐漸成為美國對台政策之最核心考量，而這種考量則同時包含了政治、軍事、經濟與民主、自由之精神。這正是學界近年來之所以強調「美國自由霸權」，而非僅從傳統的「霸權穩定論」去解釋美國對外干預的原因，而這也呼應本文所持霸權穩定論之演化的觀點。

關鍵字

台灣民主 ； 台灣安全 ； 霸權穩定論 ； 霸權穩定論之演化 ； 美國自由霸權 ； 干預

並列摘要

As we know, the United States is the most important outside factor in Taiwan's political development. What is the U.S. influence on the island's democratic transition? Does it promote democracy in Taiwan conditionally or unconditionally?Since the end of World War Ⅱ, Washington's leadership in international affairs has changed its focus from political, military, and economic matters to an emphasis on both material and nonmaterial factors, such as democracy, freedom, equity, and multilateral cooperation. Considering this transformation, this research paper examines the U.S. role in Taiwan's democratic development from the evolutionary perspective of hegemonic stability theory, followed by addressing traditional hegemonic stability theory, features of American liberal hegemony, and its humanitarian and democratic intervention abroad. Basically, we argue that the U.S. is sympathetic and supportive of Taiwan's democracy. During the post-Cold War period, however, because of China's rise, stability in the Taiwan Strait and security in the Asia-Pacific area has become the core consideration of America's Taiwan policy. The concern is based on both U.S. political, economic, and military interests and its support for liberal democracy. This development demonstrates why recently the scholarly study of international relations appears to probe U.S. foreign intervention from the perspective of ”American liberal hegemony” instead of the viewpoint of traditional hegemonic stability theory only, and it also echoes our evolutionary approach of hegemonic stability theory in this study.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan's democracy ； Taiwan's security ； hegemonic stability theory ； evolution of hegemonic stability theory ； American liberal hegemony ； intervention

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