全球治理與氣候變遷：評估哥本哈根會議（COP15）決策機制的衝擊與對策

Global Governance and Climate Change-An Assessment of Challenges and Strategies Related to the COP15 Decision-Making Mechanism

曹俊漢(Jiun-Han Tsao)

《歐美研究》 43卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 89-148

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.201303_43(1).0003

摘要

近三十年來氣候變遷對人類環境的影響至鉅，且愈來愈明顯。全球治理也是大勢所趨，無法規避的課題。1994年《聯合國氣候變遷框架公約》的制定即在為要求本公約各締約方，共同承認此一地球氣候的變化因而影響人類生活的危機，同時謀求解決人類活動大幅增加大氣中溫室氣體的濃度，致而增強自然溫室效應的影響。本文以公約第7條有關「締約方會議」的機制，來觀察氣候變遷相關法規的制定、政策的擬定、規則的研究、執行的細則等掌理氣候政策的制定與執行的機構。同時以2009年在哥本哈根舉行的第十五次締約方會議做個案觀察，分析氣候政策的全球治理模式，以及其面臨決策機制的衝擊，並提出解決的對策。

關鍵字

聯合國氣候變遷框架公約 ； 締約方會議 ； 哥本哈根會議 ； 全球治理

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ”United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,”hereafter referred to as UNFCCC). Particular attention is paid to the organizational structure and operational mechanism of the ”Conference of Parties, COP” under Article 7 of the UNFCCC. In the 16 years between 1995 and 2010, the COP failed to carry out aims related to the objectives, principles, commitments and financial mechanisms of the UNFCCC, which are required to measure achievements regarding greater energy efficiency, and to control greenhouse gas emissions. The performance of operating mechanism for governing climate change under the UNFCCC represents a ”governance failure.” Using the case study of the Copenhagen Conference (COP15) decision-making mechanism, this study attempts to explore relevant questions regarding why well-established COPs, supported by the public sector, private sector and the third sector of the world as a whole, is failing to play a constructive role in policy planning and implementation. This study considers the design of the COP with a view to enhancing its governance capacity.

並列關鍵字

UNFCCC ； Conference of Parties ； Copenhagen Conference(COP15) ； Global Governance

參考文獻

〈中美期待新能源合作，為哥本哈根會議定調〉(2009 年5 月31 日)。《人民網》。2010 年7 月30 日擷取自http://energy.people.com.cn/GB/9379578.html (China and U.S. expect new energy cooperation: Copenhagen's main theme comfirmed. [2009]. People's Daily online.)

中國國家發展和改革委員會()。,未出版。

幼獅編輯部 (2009)。〈各國堅持立場：哥本哈根會議成效不彰〉。2010年6 月30 日擷取http://www.youth.com.tw/db/epaper/es001002/m990302-e.htm (The Editioral Board of the Young Lion. [2009]. Individual Countries Insisting Positions: Copenhagen Accord Failed.)

安東尼‧吉登斯、曹榮湘譯(2009)。氣候變化的政治。北京=Beijing:社會科學文獻出版社=Social Sciences Academic Press。

政府間氣候變遷專門委員會 (2007)。《氣候變化2007：綜合報告》。2010 年4 月13 日擷取自http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_cn.pdf (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [2007]. Climate change 2007.)