歐盟國際私法之發展與其對國際法秩序之影響：以歐盟於盧加諾公約與海牙國際私法會議之參與為例

歐盟五十年來之發展，透過經濟整合，逐步邁向其他整合，其中關於民事司法合作部分，已經有長足之進展。從歐盟成員國間之國際條約，到透過歐盟條約與歐盟運作條約授權所為之規則與指令，歐盟國際私法已經在民商事管轄權與其判決承認與執行、契約與非契約準據法，以及身分法上相關管轄權與準據法整合，為全世界提供了良善之整合示範。此等整合成果，對於國際私法之發展將有何實際影響？本文透過歐盟與鄰近國家之盧加諾公約以及歐盟在海牙國際私法會議之參與，說明前述歐盟國際私法之整合成果，已然透過國際公約逐步影響其他國際間之國際私法秩序。而在歐盟法制上，此等整合與對外締約權限之問題，亦有其歐盟制度法上之意義。

關鍵字

歐盟國際私法；里斯本條約；盧加諾公約；海牙國際私法會議；內外權限對應原則

並列摘要

Economic integration and cooperation in the European Union has advanced remarkably since the 1950s, especially in the domain of civil judicial matters. From international treaties to the regulations and directives authorized by Treaty of the European Union and Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, European Private International Law has developed significantly in the domains of civil and commercial jurisdiction, in the mutual recognition of judgments and mutual enforcement, in the clarification of the applicable law for contractual and non-contractual obligations, and in the clarification of jurisdiction and harmonization of applicable law in family matters. These developments demonstrate something of the possibilities of harmonization in private international law globally. How have these European developments influenced other countries? This article attempts to provide an answer by considering the examples of the Lugano Convention between the European Union and other European countries, and the participation of the European Union in the Hague Conference on Private International Law. The principles and regulations of European Private International Law have deeply influenced other counties, and contested issues of competence between the European Union and its Members States have attracted research into the meaning of European Institutional Law.