勞動力是什麼樣的商品？計件制與台灣勞動者主體性之形塑

Manufacturing Consent under Market Despotism: The Piece-Rate System and the Formation of the Subjectivity of Taiwanese Workers

謝國雄(G. S. Shieh)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 17期 (1994/07) Pp. 83-119

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199407.0003

摘要

人類的勞動力有一些結構性的特色，資本主義強將其作爲買賣的對象之後，自然帶來了矛盾的後果。本文特別強調薪資制度在勞動力商品化中的角色。以台灣頗爲常見的計件制爲例，本文指出：計件制帶來了特殊的政治及意識型態效果：「做件意識」。由「擬似小頭家意識」、「純勞動意識」、「虛擬自由意識」及「件工特殊階級意識」所構成的「做件意識」形塑了勞動者對自己的勞動力與勞動的看法，也形塑了勞動者對自己與雇主、與其他勞動者間的關係的看法。但在發生爭議，而又有法律介入時，做件意識卻又會發生相當複雜的轉化。即便是在這種狀況下，做件意識的強調仍未有重大的變化。勞動力是什麼樣的商品？本文提出的答案是：在台灣的計件制運作下，勞動力是一種超級商品，是一種極度商品化的商品，根本的原因之一是計件制所帶來的政治及意識型態效果。

關鍵字

勞動力 ； 勞動 ； 勞動體制 ； 薪資制度 ； 計件制

並列摘要

The piece-rate system, prevalent in the garment industry in Taiwan, is not just an economic arrangement that workers exchange their labor power for wage. It also has its political and ideological effects whereby workers' own perceptions of their own labor power are shaped. Also shaped by the piece-rate system are workers' perceptions of their relationship with their employers and the relationship among the employees themselves. With the ”pseudo-petty-boss ideology,” the ”pure-labor consciousness,” the ”illusion of disguised freedom,” the piece-rate workers treat themselves more as quasi-boss than as proletarian. Thus the labor power of Taiwanese workers is ”commmodified, all too commodified.” The consent to ”no work, no money” is a very important dimension in understanding the quiescence of the Taiwanese workers.

並列關鍵字

labor power ； labor ； labor regime ； payment system ； piece-rate system