我國國防支出與非國防支出抵換關係之研究

The Trade-Offs between Defense Expenditures and Non-Defense Expenditures in Taiwan

葉金成(Jin-Cherng Yeh) ； 張寶光(Bao-Guang Chang)

《國防管理學院學報》 15卷2期 (1994/07) Pp. 31-43

https://doi.org/10.29496/JNDM.199407.0004

摘要

我國國防支出與非國防支出之間是否存有抵換（trade-off）關係，以往的研究並未有明確答案，也缺乏解釋基礎。一般人更直覺地認為：多年來，國防支出搶了其它支出的預算，宜減少國防支出預算，以增加其他支出的預算（尤其社會福利支出預算）。本研究首先檢定中央政府編列各項支出預算所遵循的決策理論，作為分析抵換和解釋資源移動之基礎，再進而檢定國防支出與其它支出的抵換關係，以及真正的抵換方向。發現我國預算編列係採增量主義，探討各項支出間的抵換關係是有意義的；國防支出與非國防支出、經濟發展支出間均存有抵換關係，從增量比例指標觀察，整體而言，資源分配方向是從國防支出移向非國防支出；然而僅就其與特定兩個項目來看，經濟發展支出移向國防支出；國防支出與社會福利支出之間則未存有抵換關係。

關鍵字

國防支出 ； 非國防支出 ； 社會福利支出 ； 經濟發展支出 ； 抵換

並列摘要

In the literature, no clear relationship and associated academic explanation between defense expenditures and non-defense expenditures in Taiwan can be found. People take it for granted that defense expenditures jostle with non-defense expenditures for a budget pie. This paper tries to link decision theories to budget in Taiwan and finds that Taiwan follows incrementalism. Evidence shows that (1) the trade-off between defense expenditures and non-defense expenditure is negative, and the budget of defense expenditures shift to non-defense expenditures. (2) the trade-off between defense expenditures and expenditures of economic development is negative. and (3) the trade-off between defense expenditure and social welfare expenditures cannot be found.

並列關鍵字

Defense Expenditures ； Non-Defense Expenditures ； Social Welfare Expenditures ； Economic Development Expenditure ； Trade-Off