追求烏克蘭獨立抑背叛？―從第三者的視角論馬捷帕

The Struggle for Ukrainan Independence: Other Views than Those of Mazepa and Peter Ⅰ

周雪舫(Hsien-Fang Chou)

《輔仁歷史學報》 18期 (2006/12) Pp. 417-465

https://doi.org/10.29439/FJHJ.200612.0006

摘要

接受俄羅斯保護的烏克蘭「哥薩克國」領袖馬捷帕成為歷史上爭論的人物，源自俄羅斯與瑞典進行「大北方戰爭」(1700-1721)期間馬捷帕拒絕彼得一世沙皇軍援之令，反與瑞典國王查理十二結盟對抗俄羅斯，彼得一世宣判馬捷帕為「背叛者」。俄軍於1709年「波爾塔瓦戰役」中重挫瑞典軍隊，數月之後，馬捷帕去世。之後的俄羅斯與烏克蘭史家有兩極化的評價：有些史家視馬捷帕的行為係追求烏克蘭獨立，尊為烏克蘭的民族英雄；有些史家視馬捷帕背叛彼得一世。此外，同時代駐俄羅斯的外交官、軍官、新聞記者如何看待馬捷帕「背叛」之事？後代的文學家、音樂家、畫家等藝術家又是如何看待此事？本文從文化的交流層面探討文化接觸的中間人是如何看待馬捷帕―馬捷帕與查理十二結盟係追求烏克蘭獨立，抑如同彼得一世所宣判的「背叛者」？

關鍵字

馬捷帕 ； 彼得一世 ； 查理十二 ； 烏克蘭獨立 ； 背叛

並列摘要

The Ukrainian Cossack State was Russian protectorate since 1654. Mazepa was the Hetman of Cossack State in 1687-1708, who became a controversial figure in history. The controversy resulted from the Battle of Poltava (1709) between Russia and Sweden, Mazepa did not send Cossack Regiments against Sweden, on the contrary, Mazepa and Charles XII concluded the secret alliance, to be opposed to Peter Ⅰ,
Both Mazepa and Charles XII were failure in the Battle of Poltava, Mazepa was died after some months. Peter Ⅰ condemned Mazepa as a traitor. Mazepa stubbornly claimed that he had the right to choose the other protector, while Peter did not protect the Cossack State.
The personality and activities of Mazepa have been called to the attention not only of contemporary diplomats, statesmen, journalists, and many historians, but also of poets, such as Byron, Hugo, Pushkin, Ryleyev, and Slowacki; composers, such as Liszt, Maurer, Pedrotti, and Tchaikovsky; and painters, such as Delacroix, Gèricault, Boulanger, Chassériau, Vernet and Millet. The focus of this thesis is the struggle for Ukrainian independence from other views than those of Mazepa and Peter Ⅰ.

並列關鍵字

Mazepa ； Peter Ⅰ ； Charles XII ； Ukrainan independence ； traitor

參考文獻

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