「張子野詞古今一大轉移」論述之構成與釐析

The Analysis and composing of the question-Zhang Xian Ci-poetry is a transition at all time

徐秀菁(Hsu Hsiu-Ching)

《輔仁國文學報》 46期 (2018/04) Pp. 67-104

摘要

清代陳廷焯《白雨齋詞話》提出「張子野詞古今一大轉移」之說，認為張先在詞史上發揮承先啟後的作用，與柳永慢詞一樣重要，引發正反不同的意見，部分詞史和詞論著作依據張先慢詞大部分為晚年所作，時代不可能早於柳永，慢詞價值不可能與柳永相提並論，因而批評陳氏之說是刻意推崇。為辨明這一爭議的由來，本文先探討詞史、詞論等相關著作對張先詞的評定與論述過程，再從陳廷焯的論述依據與原因作釐析，並根據張先慢詞的創作表現，重新檢視陳廷焯之說，發現詞史和詞論著作爭論的焦點，不全在如何評定張先的詞史地位，而在如何看待張先詞的創作表現與取向。雖然張先慢詞的數量不如柳永，但就表現手法而言，仍是一位具有特色且勇於嘗試新體製的詞家，呈現北宋時期慢詞發展的不同風格取向。透過「張子野詞古今一大轉移」論述之釐析，可以重新思索詞家地位的評定過程，並提供對張先詞的不同觀察與解讀。

關鍵字

清代詞學 ； 陳廷焯 ； 《白雨齋詞話》 ； 張先 ； 慢詞

並列摘要

On the influence and status of Zhang Xian Ci-poetry in the history of Ci-poetry; some are in favor of it, some are against of it. Those who approve it raise the Zhang Xian Man Ci-poetry to the same level as Liu Yong Man Ci-poetry. They regard his Ci-poems serve as a link between past and future which is based on the quotation-Zhang Xian Ci-poetry is a transition at all time-from 'Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua' by Chen Ting-Zhuo. Those who oppose it think that most of Zhang Xian Man Ci-Poetry is written in his later life. It's time couldn't be earlier than Liu Yong, therefore, it's hard to prove that it serves as a link between past and future. Zhang Xian Man Ci-poetry cannot be equated with Liu Yong's, they criticize what Chen said had made too much of him on purpose. In order to realize the cause of this dispute, the assessment process and basis of Zhang Xian Ci-poetry will be analyzed first, according to some poem works related to the history of Ci-poetry and the theory of Ci-poetry. Next, we'll discuss the origin of the assertion of Chen Ting-Zhuo. Finally, we'll compare the presentation of Zhang Xian Man Ci-poetry and made an overall judgment to see whether it's comprehensive; according to the judgment of Zhang Xian Ci-poetry by Chen Ting-Zhuo. We find out the point of dispute is not to judge the status of Zhang Xian in Ci history, but to see the presentation and direction of Zhang Xian Ci-poetry. In objective point of view, although the quantity of Zhang Xian Man Ci-poetry is not as many as Liu Yong, furthermore, his presentation and skill is not as good as Liu Yong, he's still a featured Ci poet, who was willing to try new patterns. According to the analysis of the quotation-Zhang Xian Ci-poetry is a transition at all time, we can reconsider the process of judgement of the status of a Ci poet. It offered a different viewing and understanding way of Zhang Xian Ci-poetry.

並列關鍵字

The Study of the Theory about Ci-poetry in the Qing Dynasty ； Chen Tieng-Zhuo ； 'Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua' ； Zhang Xian ； Man Ci-Poetry

參考文獻

清．朱孝臧輯校：《彊邨叢書》（上海：上海書店。據1922年歸安朱氏刻本影印）。

(1967)。百部叢書集成。臺北:藝文印書館。

(1979)。四部叢刊正編。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。

(2002)。續修四庫全書。上海:上海古籍出版社。

(2007)。清詞珍本叢刊。南京:鳳凰出版社。