承傳與新變：論唐代〈明堂賦〉

「明堂」乃古代天子宣明政教、祭祀慶賞、講學行禮之地。明堂建築，在古代不僅跨越宗廟祭祀功能，且能發揮政治作用，兼具皇權與神權之雙重象徵。歷來以「明堂」為賦作題材者，就質與量而言，當以唐代為最。劉允濟、李白、王諲、任華和于沼〈明堂賦〉，及劉允濟〈萬象明堂賦〉和謝觀〈周公朝諸侯於明堂賦〉，賦作語言或模擬漢大賦之散體風格，或承襲南朝之駢儷文風，或結合唐代新變之律賦特點，賦作內容則多承傳古代明堂祭祀禮制，書寫明堂建築結構，體現大唐之朝會禮儀及教化。格局開闊，形式多樣，在新變中則具賦體多元之審美風格，不僅影響及宋代後之明堂書寫，且為後世文學、考古和建築提供了彌足珍貴的文獻史料，再現唐代極盛時期之明堂建築風貌。

關鍵字

唐代；明堂賦；承傳與新變

並列摘要

＂Ming-Tang＂ is the place where the emperor proclaimed politics-religion and worshipped ritual, and also gave lectures and salutes. The architecture of Ming-Tang has not only expanded the sacrificial function of the ancestral temple in ancient time, but also played a political role. It has revealed a symbol of imperial and divine power. Those Fu, based on Ming-Tang, in Tang Dynasty has been acknowledged the best in terms of quality and quantity, for instance, Yunji Liu's, Bai Li's, Wei Wang's, Hua Ren and Zhao Yu's ＂Ming-Tang Fu,＂ Yunji Liu's ＂Vanxiang Ming-Tang Fu,＂ and Guan Xie's ＂The Ming-Tang Fu of Feudatory in Zhou Gong Dynasty.＂ While Fu is of the prose language, imitates the prose style of the Han Da-Fu, inherits the parallel style of the Southern Dynasty, or incorporates the innovational characteristics of Li-Fu in Tang Dynasty, its content inherits the ancient worshipped ritual of Ming-Tang, shows the architecture of Ming-Tang, and represents the etiquette and education of Tang Dynasty. Its layout is open and form is varied. There also are multiple aesthetic styles in the innovation. Ming-Tang Fu has not only influenced the Fu writings after Song Dynasty, but also provided very valuable and historical materials for later literature, archaeology, and architecture. Furthermore it represents the architectural style of Ming-Tang in the heyday of Tang Dynasty.