競賽的文化橫斷面研究

王宗吉

《體育學報》 9期 (1987/12) Pp. 9-28

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0009.198712.1602

並列摘要

This review has attempted to demonstrate that the cross-cultural study of games has reflected the changing theory, methods, and substantive interests of the field of anthropology over approximately the last century. Although the theoretical developments specific to the study of games have been relatively modest, the conflict-encul-turation hypothesis of model involvement has shown its utility, not only in the cross-cultural and intracultural study of games, but also in other expressive areas.
The most consistent finding of cross-cultural research on games has been the positive correlation between the number and complexity of games in a culture and various measures of cultural complexity. The conflict-encul-turation hypothesis holds that this relationship is culturally adaptive. Although based on older learning, psycholanalytic, and arousal theories, the conflict-enculturation hypothesis remains viable today, since it conforms, in the finalanalysis, to the notion of adaptation, the most current orientation in the behavioral sciences.
The diverse contextual, textual, and phenomenological approaches to the study of games all have distinct contributions to make. Indeed, the study of games, as well as play and sport, from a cross-cultural perspective has added to our understanding of the human condition. There is little doubt, given the ubiquitous nature of the phenomenon, that further research can add even more.