液化石油氣灌裝場風險評估

Quantitative Risk Analysis Case Study for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Filling Plant

曹宸睿(Chen-Jui Tsao) ； 陳俊偉(Jyun-Wei Chen) ； 徐啟銘(Chi-Min Shu)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 22卷3期 (2014/09) Pp. 304-312

摘要

隨著工業技術的進步，以及過去災例的教訓，目前工安技術和相關法規的制定對於意外事故的預防有非常明顯的作用，但隨著時代的進步，人們對於能源和經濟的需求，帶動了石化業的蓬勃發展，同時也因人為因素或天然災害等原因造成意外事故發生頻繁。本研究乃對北部深澳之新生島灌裝區執行危害後果分析，推估因石油物質外洩、擴散而造成之潛在性危害（火災、爆炸）包括危害範圍及後果之嚴重性。首先配合深澳廠區之危害與可操作性分析，予以進行適度之修正，找出危害發生所在之節點，並透過危害與操作性分析配合失誤樹分析法的風險分析技術，針對危害物質運作及其運輸管線執行定性及定量之危害分析與風險評估，以瞭解灌裝區儲槽內液化石油氣 (Liguefiedpetroleum gas, LPG)意外洩漏可能造成之意外危害種類、危害發生之基本原因和危害發生率，並加入氣象條件、周圍人口密度等資料以評估整個操作系統的安全性，最後得到分析後之數據與評估的結果，設備的事故發生率、風險值及潛在危害性。本研究利用危害與操作性分析（Hazard and Operability Studies, HAZOP）、失誤樹分析（Fault Tree Analysis, FTA）和後果分析暨風險評估套裝軟體（Suite for the Assessment of Flammable, Explosive and Toxic Impacts, SAFETI），針對灌裝場設備進行洩漏後果分析及風險評估，希望藉此界定洩漏之影饗範圍，作為緊急應變規劃之參考。

關鍵字

液化石油氣 ； 灌裝場 ； 危害與操作性分析 ； 失誤樹

並列摘要

With the industrial and technological progress, as well as the lessons of the past disaster cases, the formulation of industrial safety and related regulations for the prevention of accidents very significant role, but with the progress of the times, the demand for energy and the economy, driving petrochemical industry to flourish, but also cause accidents occur frequently due to human factors or natural disasters and other reasons. This study was performed on the northern Shenao newborn Island filling plant against the consequences of analysis to estimate the leakage of petroleum substances, diffusion potential hazards (fire, explosion) include the scope and seriousness of the consequences. First of all with the Shenao factory hazards and operability analysis, to be moderate amended to identify hazards occur where the nodes and through the hazards and operability analysis with risk analysis techniques for fault tree analysis method for the operation of the hazardous substances transportation pipeline to perform qualitative and quantitative hazard analysis and risk assessment in order to understand the filling plant of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) the basic reason and harm the incidence of types of accident hazards, accidental release could cause harm occurring, and joined the meteorological conditions the surrounding population density and other data to assess the safety of the entire operating system, the final analysis of data and assessment results, the accident rate of the equipment, the value at risk and potentially harmful. In this study, hazard and operability analysis, Fault Tree Analysis and the Suite for the Assessment of Flammable, Explosive and Toxic Impacts (SAFETI), for filling plant equipment to conduct radiological consequences analysis and risk assessment, and would like to take this definition satisfy the range of leakage shadow as a reference for emergency contingency planning.

並列關鍵字

liquefied petroleum gas filling plant ； hazard and operability analysis ； fault tree ； SAFETI

參考文獻

張銘坤、林羿含、黃舒平(2004)。LPG灌裝場槽車外洩之火災爆炸後果模擬。國立雲林科技大學─科技學刊（科技類）。14(1)

中央氣象局。氣候資料年報。

黃清賢(1996)。危害分析與風險評估。台灣省台北市:三民書局。

王世煌(2004)。工業安全風險評估。台灣省台北市:揚智書局。

Dunjo, J,Fthenakis, V,Vilchez, JA,Arnaldos, J(2010).Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis. A literature review.Journal of Hazar Materials.173,19-32.