The statistics from the Taiwan Department of Health (DOH) and the Taiwan Bureau of Health Promotion (BHP) indicated that a sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise may cause health risks in the Taiwanese population. A number of health policies and health programs have been conducted by the Taiwan DOH to increase physical fitness and exercise among Taiwanese population. The purpose of this paper is to describe national health priorities regarding physical activity and exercise and discuss supportive health polices that exist for advancing physical activity and exercise in Taiwan. Several important health-related plans and programs recently conducted by the Taiwan DOH are described. Implementation and recommendations for public health nursing and nursing research are presented.