中國古代醫學倫理之探討

Analysis of Ancient Chinese Medical Ethics

蔡甫昌(Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai)

《台灣醫學》 9卷2期 (2005/03) Pp. 180-191

https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2005.9(2).05

摘要

本文考察中國傳統醫學文獻中的有關醫學倫理之觀念及規範，完成一回顧性質之研究，進而歸納出中國古代醫學倫理之基本原則，包括：1．行醫須心存仁慈、重視生命的價值。2．欲精醫術先通儒學、醫德先於醫術。3．勤讀確論之書、博通醫學知識。4．追求醫藝精進、維持執業水準。5．儉約生活、不貪名利。6．視病猶親、平等對持病患。7．診治病患時須誠懇禮貌、專注無私。8．尊重婦女及其隱私、不得心存淫念。9．謙虛審慎對持同業、不得批評貶抑。作者並指出由於特殊的文化發展背景及社會意識形態，中國古代醫學倫理呈現了以下四個特色：1．建立在儒家倫理的基礎上，2．以「仁」為核心原則，3．呈現強烈的「義務論」特質，4．具備「德性倫理」的特色。作者並將上述原則與特色與現代西方醫界具代表性的「新千禧醫師憲章」所揭示之醫學倫理原則與專業義務作一比較，指出異同所在；期望本考察與歸納能成為學者進一步進行東西方或今古醫學倫理比較研究之參考。

關鍵字

醫學倫理 ； 中國醫學倫理 ； 儒家倫理 ； 專業倫理

並列摘要

This paper review s ancient Chinese medical ethics (ACME) literatures and specifies 9 basic principles of ancient Chinese medical ethics which includes; 1.To appreciate the value of life and practise medicine with a heart of compassion and humaneness; 2.To master Confucianism prior to learning medicine; 3.To master medical know ledge by studying reliable sources diligently and extensively; 4. To improve clinical skill and maintain a high professional standard; 5. To be frugal, not to be greedy for wealth and fame; 6.To treat patients equally, and as if they ere your family; 7.To be sincere. decorous, devoted, absorbed and selfless in treating patients; 8.To treat female patients only in the presence of an attendant respecting their confidentiality, and not being lustful; 9.To be modest and prudent towards other physicians, not to belittle and criticise one's colleagues. The author also identifies 4 major characteristics for ancient Chinese medical ethics, including: 1.ACME is established on the foundation of Confucian ethics; 2.Humaneness (jen) is at the heart of its principles; 3.It has a strong deontological feature; and 4.It appears to be a virtue-based ethics. The author then compares these 9 ACME principles with the 3 principles and 10 commitments as revealed in the New Millennium Physician Charter proposed by ABIM in I999; similarities and dissimilarities are also concluded. It is hoped that this review and summary can be a useful reference to the comparative study in medical ethics of East and West, antiquity and modernity.

並列關鍵字

medical ethics ； ancient Chinese medical ethics ； Confucian ethics ； professional ethics