嘉義地區馬鈴薯有機栽培病蟲害之綜合管理

Integrated Management of Diseases and Insect Pests for Organic Cultivation of Potato, ＂Solanum Tuberosum＂ in Chiayi Area, Taiwan

黃啟鐘(Chi-Chuang Huang) ； 吳建勳(Chien-Hsun Wu)

《嘉大農林學報》 12卷1期 (2015/02) Pp. 63-75

摘要

本研究在嘉義進行馬鈴薯春、秋兩作有機裁培，以克尼伯及台農1號品種作為試驗植材。試驗區劃分為有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理、慣行農法及對照區。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區，以黃色黏紙誘得主要害屬成蟲高峰期及其密度，分別為葉蟬科3月下旬及翌年1月上旬，達4,501及5,919隻／30片；粉蝨科5月上旬及11月中旬，達1,189及4,832隻／30片；薊馬科4月中旬及11月中旬，達116及1,053隻／30片。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區，以兩種夜蛾中改式性費洛蒙誘蟲器，計誘得斜紋夜蛾成蟲1,722與4,810隻／2支及甜菜夜蛾成蟲253與1,055隻／2支。在春、秋兩作三試驗區的兩個品種塊莖易感染瘡痂病，其罹病率達100%，而晚疫病及青枯病則發生輕微，且三試驗區皆無顯著差異。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合理區，以黃色黏紙誘得捕食及寄生性天敵成蟲高峰期及其密度，分別為瓢蟲科4月中旬及12月上旬，達87及364隻／30片，小繭蜂科3月下旬及11月下旬，達187及318隻／30片，姬蜂科3月下旬及12月下旬，33及16隻／30片，寄生蠅科3月下旬及12下旬，達6及94隻／30片。在春、秋兩作馬鈴薯收穫期調查塊莖產量，結果影示克尼伯品種之產量高於台農1號，且達顯著水準，並以慣行農法及有機栽培病屬害綜合管理區可獲得最佳的產量。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 綜合管理 ； 有機栽培 ； 綜合管理 ； 病害 ； 蟲害

並列摘要

Two varieties, KNB and TN1 of potato, ＂Solanum tuberosum＂ were planted in Chiayi with organic cultivation in this study, and experimental field was divided into integrated management, conventional and control plots. We used yellow sticky papers and pheromone-baited traps to survey the adult densities and peak period of insect pests and natural enemies for spring and autumn crops. By using yellow sticky papers in the integrated management plot in spring and autumn, the results showed that the peak period of Cicadellidae insect pests were late-March and next early-January, and the adult densities were 4,501and 5,919/30 papers, respectively. For the Aleyrodidae insect pests, the peak periods were early-May and mid-November, and the adult densities were 1,189 and 4,832/30 papers, respectively. The peak periods of Thripidae insect pests were mid-April and mid-November, and the adult densities were 116 and 1,053/30 papers, respectively. By using pheromone-baited traps in the integrated management plot in spring and autumn crops, the number of Spodoptera litura and S. exigua adults were 1,722 and 4,810/2 traps in spring, 253 and 1,055/2 traps in autumn The common scab, the incidence percentage of ＂Streptomyces scabies＂ disease for two varieties of potato tubers was 100%, but late blight, ＂Phytophthora infestans＂ and bacterial wilt, ＂Ralstonia solanacearum＂ were scarce in the harvesting periods of spring and autumn cropps. For the natural nemies by using yellow sticky plates in the integrated management plot, the peak periods of Coccinellid predators were mid-April and early-December, and the adult densities were 87 and 364/30 papers, respectively. For the the peak periods of Braconid parasitoids were late-March and late-November, and the adult densities were 187 and 318/30 papers, respectively. The peak periods of Ichneumonid parasitoids were late-March and late-December, and the adult densities were 33 and 16/30 papers, respectively. The peak periods of Tachinid parasitoids were late-March and late-December, and the adult densities were 6 and 94/30 papers, respectively. As for KNB tuber weight(g)/plant were significantly higher than TN1, the conventional and integrated management plots in spring and autumn cropping had the best tuber yield.

並列關鍵字

＂Solanum tuberosum＂ ； integrated management ； organic cultivation ； diseases ； insect Pests