連續施用三種不同廚餘堆肥對葉菜產量及土壤性質的影響

Successive Application of Three Different Food Waste Composts on Yield of Leafy Vegetables and Soil Qualities

劉毓娉(Yu-Ping Liu) ； 王鐘和(Chong-Ho Wang)

《土壤與環境》 11卷1&2期 (2008/12) Pp. 13-26

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.200812.0002

摘要

本研究乃在廚餘收集後進行去水與否之不同處理，再行堆肥化，並評估所產製之三種廚餘堆肥連續施用對於菜生育及土壞性質之影響。試驗於國立屏東科技大學校區內溫室內進行，以應用試驗產製之三種廚餘准肥、全施化學肥料及不施肥等五種為試驗處理、六重複，採逢機完全區集設計，進行盆栽試驗，連續栽種短期葉菜八作（葉用萵苣、三鳳白菜、蕹菜及白莧等四種葉菜各輪作二次）。結果顯示，經八作連續施用廚餘堆肥後，可顯著提升土壤pH值、有機質、有效磷及交換性鈣含量。化學肥料雖具速效能力，但通續施用容易造成土壞pH值顯著下降。三種廚餘堆肥以去水處理（DL）可得最大產量，惟未達顯著差異，白莧例外。八作葉菜相比，連續施用廚餘堆肥可增加葉用萵苣、三鳳白菜和蕹菜之氮生產效率；長期施用化學肥料則會降低葉用萵苣、三鳳白菜、蕹菜和白莧之氮肥吸收效率。又蕹菜及白莧具耐酸性，故未受到土壤pH值下降而減產。

關鍵字

廚餘堆肥 ； 堆肥化 ； 去水處理 ； 好氣發酵

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate different methods for composting of food wastes and evaluate the effect of successively applying these composts on the production of leafy vegetables and soil properties. Four leafy vegetables (leafy lettuces, Sangfeng Pai Tsai, Kang Kong and white-leaf amaranth) were grown two times in succession by a pot study in greenhouse of NPUST. The five treatments in the experiment, which consisted three kinds of composts made from food wastes, chemical fertilizer, and the control fertilizer, were arranged in randomized complete block design with six replications. The results showed that the food waste composts applied successively to soil significantly increased soil pH, the contents of organic matter, Bray 1 P and exchangeable calcium in soil after eight crops harvested. Although chemical fertilizer had high efficiency, its successively application lowered significantly the soil pH that might affect the leafy vegetables growth. DL treatment had the highest yields, except amaranth crop. However, there were no significant differences among three composts. Compared vegetables of eight crops, successively applied of food waste composts significantly increased the absorbed N to produce yield (nitrogen efficiency, kg yield/kg absorbed-N) for leafy lettuces, Sangfong Chinese cabbage and Juyeh water spinach, but chemical fertilizer decreased the efficiency of fertilizer-N absorption (F-N abs., kg absorbed-N/kg N applied) for leafy lettuces, Sangfong Chinese cabbage, Juyeh water spinach and white-leaf amaranth. Two vegetables (Juyeh water spinach and white-leaf amaranth) had the acid resistance, which did not reduce yields under the soil with lower pH value condition.

並列關鍵字

food waste compost ； composting ； de-liquid treatment aerobic fermentation