分析小學高年級生健康行為現況與影響健康狀況之因素

Analyses of the Fifth and Sixth Graders' Health Behaviors and Factors Affecting Their Health Status in Taiwan

傅安弘(An-Hung Fu) ； 簡嘉靜(Jia-Jing Jien)

《學校衛生》 61期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.201212.0001

摘要

本研究主要目的為：調查並分析目前小學生的體型、視力、健康行為狀況，並探討影響小學生自覺健康狀況之相關因素。研究方法是以台灣本島高年級小學生為母體，以分層比例抽樣由北中南東各區選取共62所小學，有效樣本共1,857人。研究結果發現：體型正常者佔55%，體重過輕者以女性比例較高，體重過重或肥胖者則以男性比例較高。視力正常者佔40%，男生的比例較高。飲食行為以女生、高社經地位者較佳。學生平日使用電腦之平均時數超過1小時、看電視的平均時數約2小時、且於週末期間，上述活動之時數均增加；將學生分群比較後發現，上述活動之時數以男生時數較長、高社經地位者較短。平日只有19%、週末期間則有46%的小學生未參加課後課程，以居於人口密度低、低社經地位者的時數最低。平日平均睡眠8.1小時，週末增至8.9小時。男生下課時會離開座位走動的頻率較高；小學生每日平均運動將近1小時、將近40%的每週運動時數低於3.5小時。每日刷牙頻率在兩次以上者以女生的比例顯著較男生高。有50%的學生自覺健康狀況「很好」或「好」、有41%認為「普通」。高家庭社經地位、下課時會離開座位走動為預測學生自覺健康狀況良好的有效因素；男生以體重過輕是預測身體健康狀況不好的有效因素、下課時會離開座位走動為預測自覺健康狀況良好的有效因素；女生則以中、高家庭社經地位為預測自覺健康狀況良好的有效因素。本研究結果有助於了解小學高年級生的體型、視力、健康行為現況與影響自覺健康狀況的因素，可提供學校擬定促進健康宣導政策的依據，以有效改善健康狀況。

關鍵字

小學生 ； 體型 ； 健康行為 ； 自覺健康狀況

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to survey and analyze elementary school students' body shapes, eye-sights, and health behaviors, as well as factors affecting their self-perceived health status in Taiwan. This study was based on a self-administered questionnaire using stratified sampling to recruit subjects from fifth and sixth graders of 62 elementary schools across Taiwan. A total of 1,857 subjects were acquired.The results of this study indicated that, among all students being analyzed, 55% of them were in normal body shapes. The ratio of under-weighted students was higher among girls than boys, while the ratio of over-weighted students was higher among boys than girls. The ratio of students with normal eye-sight was 40%, which is higher among boys than girls. Girls and students from high-ranking socio-economic status families had better eating behaviors than their counterparts. On average, students reported using computer for more than 1 hour and watching television for about 2 hours daily during weekdays, while longer hours during weekends for both activities. In addition, boys tended to spend longer hours, while students belonged to high-ranking socio-economic status families spend shorter hours, on both activities.There were only about 19% and 46% of the students reported not attending after-class courses on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Specifically, students living in low density population areas and from low-ranking socio-economic status families spent less time in after-class courses. On average, students spent about 8.1 and 8.9 hours in sleeping daily on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Comparing to girls, boys were more likely to leave their seats and walk around during breaks at school. The students exercised for about an hour on average per day, and near 40% of the students exercised for less than 3.5 hours per week. Students who brushed their teeth more than twice a day were significantly higher among girls than boys. Approximately 50% of the students considered their health status as very good or good, while 41% as average. High family socio-economic status and walking around during class breaks were two effective predictors for students' self-perceived good health status. Among male students, underweight effectively predicted students' inferior health, while walking around during class breaks predicted good health. For female students, medium and high family socio-economic status predicted their healthy conditions.The results of this research provide valuable data of current fifth and sixth graders' body shape, eye-sight, and health behaviors, and factors that affecting their self-perceived health status, which could provide basis for elementary school administrators to develop health promotion policies in order to improve student health status effectively.

並列關鍵字

elementary school students ； body shape ； health behavior ； self-perceived health status

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