台灣桃園地區中輟生成癮物質使用之路徑模式

背景及目的：學生中途輟學比在學更容易使用成癮物質。過去曾用路徑分析探討一般青少年的成癮物質使用，卻鮮少對中輟生作探討。本研究採結構方程模式（structural equation model, SEM）探討中輟生同儕因素、輟學原因、家庭因素、及抗拒同儕壓力之自我效能與成癮物質使用的關係。材料與方法：採橫斷研究，對桃園地區的中輟復學生、少輔院中輟生發問卷（記名）。採結構方程模式（structural equation model, SEM）獲得路徑模式。結果：2006年得有效問卷273份。GFI、AGFI、CFI、NFI及RMSEA等適配指標顯示模式合適。整體模式可解釋中輟生成癮物質使用的總變異量63%。同儕因素具最強且直接影響，路徑係數是0.72。輟學原因直接及間接影響中輟生成癮物質使用（總效果=0.46）。家庭因素（總效果=0.35）、抗拒同儕壓力之自我效能（總效果=0.24）均是間接影響中輟生成癮物質使用。結論：中輟生成癮物質使用以同儕因素具最強及直接影響，次之為輟學原因，屬危險因數。家庭因素及抗拒同儕壓力之自我效能則是間接影響中輟生成癮物質使用，屬保護因數。

關鍵字

成癮物質使用；中輟生；路徑模式

並列摘要

Background & Aims: Students who dropout from school are more likely to be addictive than those who stay at school. Past studies have been looked at the behavior of substance use among the youth using path model but not among dropouts. This study used structural equation model (SEM) to explore the effect of peer factors, dropout reasons, family factors, and self-efficacy of resisting peer pressure on substance use among dropouts in Taiwan.Method: Cross-sectional study was used. Questionnaires (non-anonymous) were distributed to dropouts from return students and reform school in Taoyuan. SEM was used to obtain the path model.Results: In 2006, 273 valid questionnaires (127 from reform school and 146 from return students) were used. The goodness of fit index (GFI, AGFI, CFI, NFI, RMSEA) indicated that the path model well-fitted the data with R2=63%. Peer factor (standardized path coefficient =0.72) had the most important and direct effect on substance use. Dropout reason directly and indirectly affect substance use (total effect=0.46). Family factor (total effect=0.35) and self-efficacy of peer-pressure resistance (total effect=0.24) indirectly affected substance use.Conclusions: For dropouts, peer factor has the strongest and direct effect on substance use, followed by dropout reasons. Both peer factor and dropout reasons are risk factors of substance use. Family factor and self-efficacy of peer-pressure resistance are protective factors and indirectly affects substance use.