溫度對岡崎釉小蜂(Closterocerus okazakii (Kamijo))（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）生命表與致死寄主能力之影響

Influence of Temperature on the Life Table and Host-killing Capability of Closterocerus okazakii (Kamijo) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 張淑貞(Shu-Chen Chang)

《台灣昆蟲》 29卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 37-50

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2009004

摘要

岡崎釉小蜂(Closterocerus okazakii (Kamijo))為臺灣地區蔬菜斑潛蠅(Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)之優勢寄生蜂。為瞭解該蜂對蔬菜斑潛蠅生物防治之利用，本文探討溫度(10~35℃)對岡崎釉小蜂生命表與致死寄主能力之影響。結果得知，該蜂發育適溫帶為15至35℃，其間卵至蛹期之存活率為92.4~100%，發育日數為8.8~56.8日，而10℃時卵期與幼蟲期之存活率僅各為7.5與0%。卵至蛹期之發育臨界低溫為11.3℃，卵、幼蟲、前蛹、蛹及卵至蛹期之發育有效積溫各為21、51、16、109及192日度。於定溫情況，每日供應40~50隻蔬菜斑潛蠅第三齡寄主幼蟲時，該蜂致死寄主總數在20與25℃時，各為245與372隻，15、30及35℃時各為94、64及32隻。該蜂在25℃下繁殖，並於初羽化時移至30與35℃，則致死寄主總數各為189和141隻。該蜂餵食純蜂蜜，25℃時族群增長最快，雌蜂每日產雌性有活力卵數（蛹數）之內在增殖率(r(下标 m))為0.2421，淨增殖率(R0)為139.7粒。在15~35℃定溫，每日僅以純蜂蜜餵食時，雌、雄蜂壽命最長各為20℃時之55.9日，與15、20℃時之39.5~40.3日；同時供應寄主與純蜂蜜時，雌、雄蜂壽命最長各為15℃時之45.5與32.5日。

關鍵字

岡崎釉小蜂 ； 蔬菜斑潛蠅 ； 溫度 ； 生命表 ； 致死寄主能力

並列摘要

Closterocerus okazakii (Kamijo) is one of the dominant species in the parasitoid complex of the vegetable leaf miner Liriomyza sativae Blanchard in Taiwan. To understand the biological control availability of this wasp, we investigated the influence of temperature (10-35℃ at 5℃ intervals) on both their life table and their host-killing capability. The suitable temperature range for the development of this wasp was from 15 to 35℃. Within this range, the survival rate and development period from egg to pupal stage was 92.4-100% and 8.8-56.8 days, respectively. However, the survival rates of egg and larval stages were 7.5 and 0% at 10℃. The lower developmental threshold was 11.3℃ from egg to pupal stage. The thermal requirements of egg, larval, prepupal, pupal, and egg to pupal stages were 21, 51, 16, 109, and 192 degree-days, respectively. The total number of hosts killed by the wasp was 94, 245, 372, 64and 32 at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, respectively when 40-50 third instars of L.sativae were provided daily for a pair of C. okazakii. However, the total numbers of hosts killed by parasitism and feeding were 189 and 141,respectively when the wasps were reared at 25℃ during the immature stages and later transferred to 30 and 35℃ after emergence. At 25℃, the intrinsic rate of increase (r(subscript m)) and the net reproductive rate (Ro) were 0.2421/day and139.7 viable female eggs (pupae) per female, respectively. The maximum longevity of the female and male wasps was 55.9 days at 20℃ and 39.5-40.3 days at 15 and 20℃, respectively when adults were provided daily with honey only at between 15 to 35℃. For those wasps provided daily with both hosts and honey, the maximum longevity of both female and male wasps was 45.5 and32.5 days at 15℃, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Closterocerus okazakii ； Liriomyza sativae ； temperature ； life table ； host-killing capability