米爾頓釉小蜂（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）之產卵行為及對於不同品種之蓮霧與蒲桃的產卵偏好性

米爾頓釉小蜂(Anselmella miltoni Girault)屬於膜翅目釉小蜂科，於桃金孃科之蓮霧與蒲桃果實中造癭，幼蟲於癭內發育成長與化蛹，成蟲羽化後於果實留下孔道影響商品價值。近年來成為台灣蓮霧出口中國的檢疫害蟲，造成嚴重外銷損失。依據防檢局出口檢疫資料，顯示台灣出口的三品種蓮霧（南洋種、印尼種、泰國種）之米爾頓釉小蜂危害率有所差異，因而進行米爾頓釉小蜂於不同品種蓮霧與非經濟寄主蒲桃危害差異的探討。本研究首先記錄米爾頓釉小蜂的產卵行為及產卵管長度，並針對米爾頓釉小蜂是否對不同寄主植物具氣味偏好進行測試，探討嗅覺對米爾頓釉小蜂搜尋寄主的影響。由於米爾頓釉小蜂於寄主開花時期前來產卵，本研究以盛花期三品種蓮霧與蒲桃為材料，利用Y型管進行氣味測試，觀察米爾頓釉小蜂對寄主植物氣味是否有選擇偏好。就單一花朵與空氣組（控制組）測試的結果顯示，雌蟲對花朵的偏好高於空氣，選擇南洋種的比例最高(80%)，其次為蒲桃花(70%)及印尼種花(60%)，泰國種花最低(20%)；在兩種花朵測試中，蒲桃花和其他三品種蓮霧花相比，雌蜂有較高的比例前往產卵（60%以上）；而三品種蓮霧花朵相比，南洋種花相較印尼種花和泰國種花有較高的比例吸引雌蜂前往產卵（70%以上）。由此，我們推論花朵氣味為雌蜂選擇寄主的主要因子之一，且不同寄主植物或品種對雌蟲的吸引力有別。

關鍵字

造癭昆蟲；寄主搜尋；產卵行為；產卵偏好； Y型管

並列摘要

Anselmella miltoni Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a quarantine pest of wax apple and causes considerable economic loss when the fruits are packed and exported to China. This pest attacks and induces seed-like galls in the fruit of Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry and Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston. The larvae develop and pupate within these galls. The tunnels created by emergent A. miltoni adults affect the appearance of the fruit, thereby leading to the devaluation of the product's price. According to data from the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, A. miltoni infestation occurs in three varieties of S. samarangense. The factors that affect infestation among S. samarangense varieties and the wild host S. jambos were tested. We first recorded the oviposition behavior and ovipositor length of A. miltoni. We then determined whether A. miltoni exhibits preferences to various host plants in order to investigate the influence of olfactory cues in orientation to different host plants. The behavioral responses of A. miltoni to odors from the host plants' flowers were examined using a Y-tube olfactometer. A comparison between control (air) and different varieties showed a preference for the side with flowers and a higher preference for S. jambos (70%) and the 'Pink' variety (80%), moderate preference for the 'Indonesia-Big-Fruit' variety (60%), and lower preference for the 'Thub Thim Chan' variety (20%). A pairwise comparison revealed that females had higher preference for S. jambos (＞ 60%) than for any of the S. samarangense variety. Among the three varieties of S. samarangense, females had higher preference for the 'Pink' variety (＞ 80%). The results indicate that flower odors play a crucial role in host selection by A. miltoni and that these pests have preferences for different host species/varieties.

並列關鍵字

galling insect ； host searching ； oviposition behavior ； oviposition preference ； Ytube olfactometer

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米爾頓釉小蜂（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）之產卵行為及對於不同品種之蓮霧與蒲桃的產卵偏好性

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