T. B. Greenfield主觀主義(subjectivism)教育行政理論及評析

T. B. Greenfield主觀主義是教育行政理論發展重要的里程碑，本文主要即討論Greenfield主觀主義的教育行政理論及評析。首先，探討不同於自然系統觀點之主觀主義社會實體的觀點；其次，探討Greenfield對組織理論、領導及教育行政理論未來發展之主張，他對教育行攻本質的不當想像感到懷疑，而主張經驗之意向與意義塑造組織，而這個過程應該是組織理論的研究焦點。最後，本文再從事實與價值、研究方法論、理論與實踐、律則與個殊、教育行政之獨特性及教育行政具體研究結果等六項主要難題，提供一些反省。

關鍵字

Greenfield ；主觀主義；組織

並列摘要

Greenfield's subjectivism is the important milestone for educational administration theory development. This paper mainly discusses the Greenfield's subjectivism on educational administration and its evaluation. First, it explores the social reality of subjectivism viewpoint, which opposes with the natural system viewpoint. Second, it discusses Greenfield's arguments on organization theory, leadership and the future development of educational administration research. Greenfield expresses doubts about what he sees as the ill-conceived nature of educational administration. He contends that placing meaning and intention upon experience shapes what we call organizations and that this process should be the focus of organizational theory. Finally, this paper provides some considerable reflections about six major issues: (l) fact vs. value; (2) research method; (3) theory vs. practice; (4) nomothetic vs. idiographic; (5) the unique aspect of the educational administration; and (6) concrete research results of the educational administration.