從連坐處罰觀念探討酒醉駕車行政處罰的界限

近年來，為解決酒後駕車的道路安全問題，政府不斷加重酒醉駕車之處罰內容與處罰型態，並構思擴大處罰之對象與範圍，以遏止酒後駕車之行為，其中最大的爭議，即在於「連坐處罰」觀念的提出，及其所導致酒駕處罰對象向外的大幅延伸。酒後駕車處罰的對象是否全無界限？抑或單憑立法者單面的價值判斷，即可加以立法處罰？而合理處罰界限範圍的判斷基準又應如何建立？諸此問題，均嚴重影響人民之權利義務保障，在實務領域，確實亟待釐清。因此，本文擬針對酒醉駕車連坐處罰對象的界限範圍進行深入探討。研究中，首先將說明行政處罰的本質與目的及構成處罰的可歸責性，繼而針對連坐處罰之定義與型態，及各種連坐責任發生的基礎，做學理上探討，據以建構酒醉駕車處罰對象之界限範圍。研究結果發現，連坐並非法律名詞，既欠缺明確的定義，更鮮見學理上的討論，而社會上習用的連坐，實係建構在連坐人與酒駕者的身分、行為與時空三種社會關係的連結上，但單純的社會關係並不足以構成責任的發生，仍必須建構在社會與倫理價值上的可非難理由，包括對酒駕行為發生具有積極促成的意圖或對酒駕危險源的風險控制監督義務。研究最後亦對社會上所關心之酒駕乘客、家人、酒品所有人、販酒人或供酒人及共同飲酒人等之「入罪化」問題加以探討，冀以提供未來酒後駕車行政處罰立法政策與執法之依據。

關鍵字

酒醉駕車；交通違規；交通處罰；連坐處罰；交通安全

並列摘要

In recent years, in order to solve the road safety problem derived from driving after drinking in Taiwan, the government is increasing the content and types of penalties for drunk-driving and conceiving to expand the penal limit to curb its occurrence. Among the will-be added penalties, collateral penalty is the most controversial one since it may result in punishing the innocent people. Is there are any legislative line of demarcation for drunk-driving penalty? Or, it only depends on legislators judgment? How to draw the rational line of demarcation? For protecting people's right, these questions really need to be answered. In this work, the purpose and essence of administrative penalty are reviewed. Then, for identifying the scope of collateral penalty, it will define the definition of 'collateral penalty' and state its cause of responsibility. From the analysis of this study, collateral penalty, a conventional but legislative noun, without definite definition, is based on three kinds of social relationships between the drunk driver and the man who is punished in succession as causality, behavior relation, and space relation. However, penalty is not only for punishing, any collateral penalty must be with reasons of criticism on the society and ethics value. Therefore, the causes of various collateral penalties including passengers, family, alcohol owners... etc. will be explored. Finally, the result of this article will give normative suggestions to legislate against drunk-driving.