文化創意產業的政策思維：文化資本的體制建構

台海兩岸在面對當前全球性資本主義發展瓶頸或飽和的困境下，都積極推動了文化創意產業政策，試圖走出困境，再創新的機運。文化創意產業乃新時代的產物，當然不同於傳統的文化建設或文化復興；其政策目標明顯具有經濟的意圖及文化擴張的意涵。然而，由於受到傳統二大迷思－中華文化大沙文主義及生產迷思的侷限，至今來檢視，兩岸整體文創產業政策的效能及效率明顯不彰。再深一層探究其原委，就如資本主義的工業體制一樣，金融體系即為系統化的資本體制，文化創意產業的發展如果缺乏資本體制的運行，將文化產品或商品的生產、交易及消費的網絡聯繫起來，並賦予發展的元氣或動能，文化創意產業政策的效益將不可能爆發出來。另外，受到全球化的時代潮流所影響，文化的本質將逐漸走向「多元共生」的文化內涵；於此同時，文化的具體顯像也必須透過與經濟的結合而呈現於生活的領域。一方面，共生文化的程序就是一種「跨文化」的過程：本體文化與多種的異質文化碰撞、對話而共生。毫無疑義，共生文化的產品或商品才有可能進入全球市場。另一方面，一旦文化與經濟結合，就必然要牽涉到資本的問題；沒有資本的投入，就不可能有相關的經濟活動，包括文化的創造與產出、文化的流動與交易、以及文化的體會與消費等活動。本文將介紹全球化時代文化的越界流動，亦即「跨文化」的過程，及其所型塑的多元共生的文化內涵。另外，它也將討論面對這樣的趨勢與現象，文化資本體系應該如何系統化建構，以提升文化經濟化或經濟文化加值化的效能及效率。

關鍵字

文化政策；文化創意產業；多元共生文化；文化資本；文化復興

並列摘要

Confronting the current dilemmas of global capitalistic development bottleneck or saturation, both sides of the Taiwan Strait are actively promoting cultural creative industry policies, trying to resolve the dilemmas and take new opportunities. Cultural creative industry is the result of new era and is of course different from traditional cultural construction and cultural renaissance; its policy objectives obviously link to economic intentions and cultural expansion. However, constrained by the two traditional myths, the Greater China chauvinism and production myth, reviewed thus far, the overall version of policies have yet to be efficacious and efficient. As further exploration through the details, being the same as industrial system of capitalism, financial institution is a systematized capital framework; if the development of cultural creative industry does not follow the running of capital institution, not connecting to the production, transaction and consumption network of cultural products or commodities, not endowing it developing energy, benefits of the policies will not break out. Besides, influenced by the trend of globalization, the essence of culture is becoming ＂diversified symbiotic＂ culture; simultaneously, specific presentation of culture should also be combined with economy and hence presented in lives. On the one hand, the procedure of culture symbiosis is a kind of cross-cultural process: the ontology of culture collides with, dialogues to and thus lives in symbiosis with diverse heterogeneous cultures. There is no doubt that only the products or commodities of symbiotic cultures are possible to enter global market. On the other hand, once culture combines with economy, the question of capital is definitely involved; without the input of capital, there is no related economic activity, including the creation and production of culture, the mobility and transaction of culture, as well as the experience and consumption of culture. This paper aims at introducing the cross-border mobility of culture in the era of globalization, that is, the ＂cross-cultural＂ process, and the substance of diversified symbiotic culture it shapes. Moreover, it also discusses that facing such trend and phenomenon, how cultural capital institution should be systematically constructed and thus promote efficacy and efficiency of cultural economization and economic cultural value-addition.