産業合作網絡形成原因的探討－以臺灣半導體産業爲例

Industrial Cooperative Network-A Case Study on Taiwan Semi-conductor Industry

陳雅美(Ya-Mei Chen)

《運籌研究集刊》 1期 (2002/06) Pp. 125-151

https://doi.org/10.7047/LRR.200206.0125

摘要

産業網絡(Industry Network)近年來受到台灣學術界的重視，衆多研究均指出：健全且緊密連結的産業合作網絡，爲台灣廠商國際競爭力的重要來源。台灣創業經濟與産業網絡蓬勃發展，台灣産業不以大型工業公司見長，而以規模小、行動靈巧的中小企業爲主，所形成的合作網絡與機動彈性，世界著名，平常大家在重網絡上維持一定的往來，當商機出現時，在網絡整合（貿易公司或中心工廠）的號召下，迅速集結並分工，當機會消失時，在尋找其他網絡，爭取與其他廠商合作的機會，合作的網絡不斷集結重組，台灣的經濟奇蹟因此産生了。即使在目前台灣産業極爲流行的海外投資浪潮，也是以下游的中小企業爲先峰，大型企業（中間原料供應商）爲後衛的形態。
在過雲許多對台灣産業網絡研究，著重於社會網絡鑲嵌的作用，強調台灣産業的經濟交換是鑲嵌於事前存在的社會網絡建構內。討論的産業以紡織、成衣、機械業爲主，這些産業同是低進入門檻、核心技術進步緩慢，不能來說明整個台灣産業結構。而且隨著科技的發展，台灣産業結構與競爭經營環境有了很大的變化，以加式制造業爲主的産業結構式微，而高科技産業網絡運作講究速度、彈性、自主、與傳統協力生産網絡又有不同。
本文採用次級資料研究方式，對於研究個案進行深度的了解，研究個案爲聯電、台積電，發現台灣的積體電路産業，似乎無法明確支持經濟活動鑲嵌在人情關系，行動者在從事經濟行爲時，有自己的理性計算與偏好，雖然在一個社會人際關系中進行，但做決策時，經濟理性仍是佔最大份量，否則在網絡結構中，代理問題將無法避免。

關鍵字

網絡 ； 社會鑲嵌 ； 經濟理性 ； 策略聯盟 ； 垂直分工

並列摘要

The study of industrial network has recently drawn a great deal of attention to the academic circles of Taiwan. Many studies have indicated that, sound and tightly connected industrial cooperative network is an important source of international competitiveness for business enterprises in Taiwan. The strength of Taiwan industry, in the prosperous development of economy and cooperative network, does not resort to the means of large-size, but lies on the small-scale and dexterity of middle-small sized business enterprises. These enterprises collaborate and form a cooperative network, functioning with a high level of dexterity when they see any need for that. When business opportunities come up, summoned by the trading company or central factory, enterprises gather together, divide the entire task and collaborate. After opportunities disappear, they turn to seek different channel of network for any chance of collaborating with other enterprises. It is with these continuous collaborating and regrouping, Taiwan has given birth to its economic miracles. At present, even in the prevalent trend of overseas investment, the role of forerunner still falls in the low-end middle-small sized enterprises, whereas the large-sized enterprises (medium material supplier) take the part of rear guard.
The past study on industrial network of Taiwan has focus mainly on the function of social embeddedness, and existing social network in economic exchange. Discussed are mainly industries of textile, clothing and mechanical engineering, which are of low-entry barrier and slow-improving neutral technology, not able to cover the entire industrial architecture in Taiwan. Lately, in the wake of scientific technology development, a great deal of transformation has taken place on the aspects of industrial organization and management environment for competition - the leading role of processing industry has been replaced by the rise of high-tech industry, which requires speed, flexibility and self-autonomy, quite different from the traditional collaboration of industrial network.
In this case study, the author employs secondary resources and has an investigation in depth into the cases of United Microelectronics Corporation(UMC) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC). The author discovered that, in the semi-conductor industry of Taiwan, what is embedded in the economic activity is not purely people relation network. Instead, the enterprises enact reason and their own preference, when performing economic activities with social people relation ongoing at the same time. In the face of making decision, reason still prevails and takes a major role.

並列關鍵字

network ； social embeddedness ； economic reason ； strategic alliance ； vertical disintegration.

參考文獻

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