美感與倫理相遇的地方：馮至的「交往」境界

馮至《十四行集》的主題之一，正像李廣田在《詩的藝術》裡所說的一樣，是一種對於「人與人」、「人與自然」等自我與他者之間關係的思考。M.高力克也已指出人與人之間的交流是馮至早期作品中屢次重現的主題之一。馮至長達七十年的創作生涯雖然從表面上看有風格上的變化，但其實卻一直隱藏著對於自我與他者之交往的關心。那麼，馮至所表現的自我與他者之間的交往究竟是怎麼樣的境界呢？小文試圖通過馮至上世紀二十年代到四十年代的部分作品，主要對於其以交往為主題的部分加以探討，從而闡明他所創造出的「交往」的境界及其意義。王國維所謂的「造境」及「寫境」就是「真正藝術家的意境的內容，其中有自然的東西，也有藝術家的理想。」並且，他所謂「真感情」可理解為「詩人在和外物的感應交接中所生的一種發自心底」的「審美情感」。馮至則成功地給王國維的「境界」或「意境」這個概念賦予了一種新的美感與倫理性。換言之，他通過創造出「交往」的地方，把美感與倫理統一起來，從而能夠讓人在日常生活，平凡的或不顯眼的人和事物中發現其特殊境界的可能性。

關鍵字

馮至；境界；交往；美感；倫理

並列摘要

As Li Guang-tian explains in ＂Art of Poetry＂, one of the themes of Feng Zhi's Sonnets is pondering the relationship between the self and others such as ＂person and person＂ or ＂man and nature＂. Marian Galik also pointed out a constantly recurring theme in Feng Zhi's poetry appeared right at the beginning: interhuman communication. Although the style of FengZhi's work was outwardly changed in his 70 years career as a poet, there is really a constant concern for the interhuman communication between the self and others. What sort of place is FengZhi's realm of interhuman communication? The aim of this paper is to elaborate the meaning of interhuman communication mainly by approaching Feng Zhi's notable works from the 1920s to the 1940s which relate to this theme. Wang Guo-wei's ＂Create ideal place＂ and ＂Write real place＂ implicate ＂the artistic conception of Yijing created by a true artist contains natural things and his ideal＂. His ＂True feelings＂ could be elaborated as ＂aesthetic feelings＂ from the depth of a poet's heart by means of interaction with the external world. Feng Zhi succeeded in giving aesthetic feelings and ethical value to Wang Guo-wei's term ＂Jingjie＂ or ＂Yijing＂. Consequently, he integrates aesthetic feelings with ethical value by creating the realm of interhuman communication. Thereby he can encourage us to discover such a special place in our ordinary life or inconspicuous people and things.